(a. The first part of this sentence uses the technique of fronting(前置手法) The regular sentence order would be“We give the name ethnocentrism to this attitude";b In the second part, there is an appositive clause used to modify "belief, telling us the specific content of this"belief " 8. For instance, if an American does something odd or anti-social in a foreign country which back home would be considered a purely individual act, this is now considered a national trait. (1)What can we infer from the sentence? People tend to attribute all individual peculiarities as national characteristics (2) Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=例如,倘若一个美国人在国外做出怪异的或有悖社会公德的事情, 在美国国内的人们会认为这纯属个人行为,但在国外却被视为一种民 族特性。 9. Instead of being censured as an individual, his country is censured Paraphrase the sentence. (His country rather than the individual himse lf would be officially criticized.) 10. This task alone is quite enough to cause frustration and anxiety, matter how skillful language teachers are in making it easy for (1)What does"it" refer to? It refers to the act of learning a new language (2) Translate this sentence into Chinese (=无论教语言的老师多么撞长于减轻你学习语言的难度,单单学语 言这项任务都足以让你焦虑不安、饱受挫折。) 11. At times it is helpful to be a participant observer by joining the activities of the people, to try to share in their responses, whether this be a carnival, a religious ritual, or some economic activity. (1) Analyze the structure of the second sentence"whether this be a carnival, a religious ritual, or some economic activity. (This sentence adopts the subjunctive mood. Here the third person singular pronounthis"is followed by"be"instead of “is:” This is one type of present subjective(现在虚拟) which is often used in clauses of condition or concession. The present subjective can also be found in certain exclamations to express(=a. The first part of this sentence uses the technique of fronting (前置手法). The regular sentence order would be “We give the name ethnocentrism to this attitude”; b. In the second part, there is an appositive clause used to modify “belief,” telling us the specific content of this “belief.”) 8. For instance, if an American does something odd or anti-social in a foreign country which back home would be considered a purely individual act, this is now considered a national trait. (1) What can we infer from the sentence? (=People tend to attribute all individual peculiarities as national characteristics.) (2) Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=例如，倘若一个美国人在国外做出怪异的或有悖社会公德的事情， 在美国国内的人们会认为这纯属个人行为，但在国外却被视为一种民 族特性。) 9. Instead of being censured as an individual, his country is censured. Paraphrase the sentence. (=His country rather than the individual himself would be officially criticized.) 10. This task alone is quite enough to cause frustration and anxiety, no matter how skillful language teachers are in making it easy for you. (1) What does “it” refer to? (= It refers to the act of learning a new language.) (2) Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=无论教语言的老师多么擅长于减轻你学习语言的难度，单单学语 言这项任务都足以让你焦虑不安、饱受挫折。) 11. At times it is helpful to be a participant observer by joining the activities of the people, to try to share in their responses, whether this be a carnival, a religious ritual, or some economic activity. (1) Analyze the structure of the second sentence “whether this be a carnival, a religious ritual, or some economic activity.” (=This sentence adopts the subjunctive mood. Here the third person singular pronoun “this” is followed by “be” instead of “is.” This is one type of present subjective (现在虚拟) which is often used in clauses of condition or concession. The present subjective can also be found in certain exclamations to express