6 Bretbel-Haurwitz,Marsb 72 71 70 69 68 WA 67 NJ● 65 品 62 0 0.000005 0.00001 0.000015 0.00002 0.000025 0.00003 Per Capita Altruistic-Donation Rate 1999-2010 路子为per pn山(1%-20 0)2 ap-ee- relationship between increases in income and altruism uistic Organ 8.39,46=1.35p=142.o05ce Fig.3 fo Predictor variable B 1(40) erall united Health Foundation health status.which includes both physical 031 165 and mental-health components(United Health Foundation Median income 0.40 2.63 econrd indom1to2010 aer 7020 0 Median age 03别 better overall health).However.subiective well-being did not mediate the relationship between improved health sta- Educational attainment -0.07 -0.23 tus and altruistic-donation rates,=-0.27.p=.79. 0.30 19 Discussion6 Brethel-Haurwitz, Marsh AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DE FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 0 0.000005 0.00001 0.000015 0.00002 0.000025 0.00003 2010 Well-Being Per Capita Altruistic-Donation Rate 1999–2010 Fig. 2. Correlation of state-level per capita rates of altruistic living kidney donation (1999–2010) with state-level 2010 Gallup-Healthways Well￾Being Index scores (R2 = .27). Table 2. 2010 State-Level Subjective Well-Being and 2010 Sociodemographic Covariates as Predictors of Altruistic Organ Donation Between 1999 and 2010 Predictor variable β t(40) Well-being 0.58 2.36* Gini coefficienta –0.31 –1.65 Median income 0.40 2.63* Percentage non-Hispanic White 0.42 2.54* Male-to-female ratio –0.38 –2.36* Median age –0.34 –2.47* Educational attainment –0.07 –0.23 Poor mental health –0.01 –0.04 Poor physical health 0.30 1.19 Note: Overall model: R2 = .58, F(9, 40) = 6.22, p < .001. a Smaller Gini coefficients represent more equal distribution of income. *p < .05. relationship between increases in income and altruism, β = 0.19, t(46) = 1.35 (p = .184), z = 3.82 (p < .001; see Fig. 3 for the mediation model). We also found that increases in overall United Health Foundation health status, which includes both physical￾and mental-health components (United Health Foundation, 2013), predicted increased altruism from 1999 to 2010 after we controlled for baseline (1999) health status, β = −0.28, t(47) = −2.39, p = .021 (lower health-status scores indicate better overall health). However, subjective well-being did not mediate the relationship between improved health sta￾tus and altruistic-donation rates, z = −0.27, p = .79. Discussion The reduction of annual deaths from kidney disease is a matter of national urgency. Kidney disease is among the Downloaded from pss.sagepub.com by Cai Xing on February 11, 2014