○可期日的布见科和幸果系医科的行任。 目的 ana w.()ae 内容与方法 问翅目分科检素表 .2 2触角若生在复眼下方：前翅基部常有肩板 3 ·触角着生在复眼间：前翅基部无肩板 3后翅臀区多横脉，脉纹网状：唇基有侧脊：头多向前延仲. .·蜡顿科Fulgorid3e 后翅区脉纹非网状 4体小形：前翅爪片无颗粒：后足臣节端部有1个大距 ;单3个：前是 发相下方多刺：节无中垫：连虫腹基有发音器 。圆廷种，孟住小唇片一部分成全部，并突出脱角状器 .6 角蝉科Membracida ,7 了后足有几数列在有2列不 8前胸背板前缘直或稍向前突：复眼近圆形，长宽略等 沫蟑科Cercopidae 尖胸沫科Aphrophoridae .10 ,粉虱科A eyrodidae 1触角6.有明显的感孔爪2个如翅则2种腹有 .12 12触角4一6节，如为3节，则尾片为烧瓶状，头部与刷部之和不大于腹部：前翅有4条斜脉：尾片有各种形状：腹部常有腹管13 蚜科phidida 酥：息时翅呈屋脊状 .球蚜 无翅好和若蚜触角上只有1个感觉圈：有翅好触角3节，有2个纵长感觉圈：中胸婚片不分为两片：前翅Cu1与Cu共柄：后翅峡斜脉：佰息时 翅平故背面， 瘤蚜科Phylloxerida 16 17 16成虫有口 . .绵蚧科 雌成虫无口器 ·珠蚧科 1有形介肛门周无环环毛质数节完全盒合臀板：虫无无足盾的科Dpd。 昨虫不被后形介壳：肛门周围有肛环和肛环毛：腹部末节不形成臀板 .19 ”术无管状的肛突体包在蜡粉内：雌成虫角和足发达 目 的 认识同翅目的常见科和掌握重要科的特征。 材 料 蝉，角蝉，沫蝉，叶蝉，飞虱，蜡蝉，蛾蜡蝉，木虱，粉虱，吹绵蚧，粉蚧，蚧，盾蚧，蚜虫，紫胶蚧（示范），以及本次实验各科的示 范标本。 内容与方法 一、分科特征 主要包括触角类型和着生位置，单眼数，前胸背板的形状，前翅有无肩片、爪片、围脉和翅脉数，后足胫节有无距或刺突，跗节式，有无 腹管、皿状孔、肛环或臀板等。 二、分科检索表 同翅目分科检索表 1 喙着生点在前足基节之前；触角刚毛状；跗节3节···························································································· 2 - 喙着生点在前足基节间或之后；触角线状或退化为小突起；跗节1～2节······················································· 9 2 触角着生在复眼下方；前翅基部常有肩板············································································································ 3 - 触角着生在复眼间；前翅基部无肩板 ····················································································································· 5 3 后翅臀区多横脉，脉纹网状；唇基有侧脊；头多向前延伸····················································· 蜡蝉科Fulgoridae - 后翅臀区脉纹非网状 ················································································································································· 4 4 体小形；前翅爪片无颗粒；后足胫节端部有1个大距·························································· 飞虱科Delphacidae - 体大形，似蛾；前翅爪片有颗粒；后足胫节端部无距····························································· 蛾蜡蝉科Flatidae 5 单眼3个；前足腿节变粗，下方多刺；跗节无中垫；雄虫腹基有发音器·································· 蝉科Cicadidae - 单眼2个；前足腿节正常；跗节有中垫；雄虫腹基部无明显发音器································································· 6 6 前胸背板向后延伸，盖住小盾片一部分或全部，并突出成角状········································ 角蝉科Membracidae - 前胸背板正常，不向后延伸；小盾片比前胸背板短····························································································· 7 7 后足胫节有几纵列小刺·············································································································· 叶蝉科Cicadellidae - 后足胫节有l～2个侧刺，在端部有1～2横列小刺······························································································ 8 8 前胸背板前缘直或稍向前突；复眼近圆形，长宽略等··························································· 沫蝉科Cercopidae - 前胸背板前缘向前突出或呈角状；复眼长卵圆形，长大于宽································· 尖胸沫蝉科Aphrophoridae 9 跗节2节；雌雄两性均有翅 ·································································································································· 10 - 跗节多为l节，如为2节，则第1节很小；雌虫无翅，或有无翅世代···························································· 11 10 触角多为10节，末端有2毛刺；复眼不分群；前翅翅脉先3分支，每支再2分支········································ ································································································································································· 木 虱科Psyllidae - 触角7节，末端正常；复眼分上、下两群；前翅3条翅脉基部共柄·································· 粉虱科Aleyrodidae 11 触角3～6节，有明显的感觉孔；爪2个；如有翅则2对；腹部常有腹管···················································· 12 - 触角节数不定，无明显的感觉孔；爪1个；如有翅则仅有1对；腹部无腹管··············································· 15 12 触角4～6节，如为3节，则尾片为烧瓶状；头部与胸部之和不大于腹部；前翅有4条斜脉；尾片有各种形状；腹部常有腹管 13 - 触角3节或退化；头部与胸部之和大于腹部；前翅有3条斜脉；尾片半月形；腹部无腹管······················· 14 13 腹管明显突出；触角上的感觉器为圆孔状而不呈条状································································· 蚜科Aphididae - 腹管不明显，或不突出；触角上的感觉器多呈环状或断续的条状·································· 瘿绵蚜科Pemphigidae 14 无翅蚜和若蚜触角上有2个感觉圈；有翅蚜触角5节，有3～4个宽横带状感觉圈；中胸盾片分为左右两片；前翅Cu1与Cu2分离；后翅只有1斜 脉；栖息时翅呈屋脊状 ······································································································································ ······················································································································································· 球蚜 科Adelgidae - 无翅蚜和若蚜触角上只有1个感觉圈；有翅蚜触角3节，有2个纵长感觉圈；中胸盾片不分为两片；前翅Cu1与Cu2共柄；后翅缺斜脉；栖息时 翅平放背面······················································································································· 瘤蚜科Phylloxeridae 15 雌虫腹部有气门；雄虫有复眼，触角10节········································································································ 16 - 雌虫腹部无气门；雄虫无复眼 ······························································································································· 17 16 雌成虫有口器························································································································ 绵蚧科 Monophlebidae - 雌成虫无口器···························································································································· 珠蚧科 Margarodidae 17 雌虫腹部末端深裂；肛门上有2个三角形肛板；体常隆起，坚硬或被蜡··································· 蚧科Coccidae - 雌虫腹部末端无深裂；肛门上无肛板 ··················································································································· 18 18 雌虫被有盾形介壳；肛门周围无肛环或肛环刺毛；腹部末端数节完全愈合成臀板；雌成虫无触角，无足 盾蚧科Diaspididae - 雌虫不被盾形介壳；肛门周围有肛环和肛环刺毛；腹部末节不形成臀板······················································· 19 19 腹部末端有管状的肛突；体包在树脂状蜡质内；雌成虫无足···················································· 胶蚧科Kerridae - 腹部末端无管状的肛突；体包在蜡粉内；雌成虫触角和足发达····································· 粉蚧科Pseudococcidae 三、常见科的主要特征和代表种类 （一）蝉亚目Cicadomorpha