红 C] Finally, where markets were more extensive, where there was a substantial investment in fixed plant, and where workers were subjected to formal discipline, some firms in the traditional mill industries other than the textile and iron industries achieved factory status. The great merchant flour mills of Baltimore and Rochester fell into this category, as did some of the large packing plants in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and(after 1840)Cincinnati D In the anthracite region to the east, factory operation of furnaces and rolling mills had been achieved by 1850s. And at that time American factories were manufacturing arms, clocks and watches, and sewing machines [E] A number of small cotton mills soon followed, but most of them failed by the turn of the century because their promoters did not aim to a wide market. Not until the"Embargo Act" of 1807 and the consequent scarcity of English textiles that stimulated demand for domestic manufacturers did spinning mills become numerous in the United States [F Consolidating all the steps of textile manufacture in a single plant lowered production costs. A large number of specialized worker were organized into departments and directed by executives ho were not necessarily technical supervisors. The factory, by using power-driven machinery, roduced standardized commodities in quantit IG In most other industries as well, the decade of the 1830s was one of expansion and experimentation with new methods. In the primary iron industry, establishments by the 1840s dwarfed those of a quarter-century earlier, and even in the pre-steel era, some of them had passed beyond what could be called the mill state 【总体分析】 instance, the Bradys Bend Iron Company in western 本文介绍了工厂在美国的产生经过。前三段主要介 Pennsylvania owned nearly6,00 acres of mineral 绍棉纺织厂的形成,后三段介绍其他行业工厂的形 land and 5 miles of riverfront upon the Allegheny 成。 说明本段内容涉及其他行业,如采矿,所以答案为 【详细解答】 本题涉及上下段的语义逻辑。依据上段末句及空格本题涉及上下段逻辑。上段末句说“ there were rival 后的内容,最符合逻辑的选择为E。其实,空格后| works of approximately equal capacity and similar 的时间词1805-1815也可作为解题依据 organization.”,最符合逻辑的选择是D项,介绍- 42.A 些可与之抗衡的工厂。D项中的时间也可做依据 本题涉及上下段的逻辑关系。A项为最佳选择,其45.c 中的“ these changes”与上文末句的两个主语呼应。本题涉及段内逻辑。由于前几句讲了几个行业出现 B和F项的首句皆有问题,与上文衔接不好 了工厂特征( factory characteristics),那么选项最好 再说到几个行业也工厂化,C项符合( factory 本题涉及段内逻辑,既然下文说“By1845, forstat),故为答案 Text 5 13/73新增题型全突破 13/73 [C] Finally, where markets were more extensive, where there was a substantial investment in fixed plant, and where workers were subjected to formal discipline, some firms in the traditional mill industries other than the textile and iron industries achieved factory status. The great merchant flour mills of Baltimore and Rochester fell into this category, as did some of the large packing plants in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and (after 1840) Cincinnati. [D] In the anthracite region to the east, factory operation of furnaces and rolling mills had been achieved by 1850s. And at that time American factories were manufacturing arms, clocks and watches, and sewing machines. [E] A number of small cotton mills soon followed, but most of them failed by the turn of the century because their promoters did not aim to a wide market. Not until the “Embargo Act” of 1807 and the consequent scarcity of English textiles that stimulated demand for domestic manufacturers did spinning mills become numerous in the United States. [F] Consolidating all the steps of textile manufacture in a single plant lowered production costs. A large number of specialized worker were organized into departments and directed by executives who were not necessarily technical supervisors. The factory, by using power—driven machinery, produced standardized commodities in quantity. [G] In most other industries as well, the decade of the 1830s was one of expansion and experimentation with new methods. In the primary iron industry, establishments by the 1840s dwarfed those of a quarter—century earlier, and even in the pre-steel era, some of them had passed beyond what could be called the mill state. 【总体分析】 本文介绍了工厂在美国的产生经过。前三段主要介 绍棉纺织厂的形成，后三段介绍其他行业工厂的形 成。 【详细解答】 41．E 本题涉及上下段的语义逻辑。依据上段末句及空格 后的内容，最符合逻辑的选择为 E。其实，空格后 的时间词 1805－1815 也可作为解题依据。 42．A 本题涉及上下段的逻辑关系。A 项为最佳选择，其 中的“these changes”与上文末句的两个主语呼应。 B 和 F 项的首句皆有问题，与上文衔接不好。 43．G 本题涉及段内逻辑，既然下文说“By 1845, for instance, the Brady’s Bend Iron Company in western Pennsylvania owned nearly 6,000 acres of mineral land and 5 miles of riverfront upon the Allegheny.”， 说明本段内容涉及其他行业，如采矿，所以答案为 G。 44．D 本题涉及上下段逻辑。上段末句说“there were rival works of approximately equal capacity and similar organization.”，最符合逻辑的选择是 D 项，介绍一 些可与之抗衡的工厂。D 项中的时间也可做依据。 45．C 本题涉及段内逻辑。由于前几句讲了几个行业出现 了工厂特征（factory characteristics），那么选项最好 再说到几 个行业 也工厂 化，C 项符合 （factory status），故为答案。 Text 5