企业的短期停业决策 企业的短期停业决策 The Firm's short-Run Decision The Firm's Short-Run Decision to shut down to shut down ◆停止营业指在某个特定时期,由于当前 的市场条件而不生产任何东西的短期决 ◆当企业决定退出时,它考虑固定成本 固 但当企业决定是否停业时,它不考虑 A shutdown refers to a short-run decision The firm considers its fixed costs when not to produce anything during a specific riod of time because of current market deciding to exit, but ignores them when conditions deciding whether to shut down. ◆退出指高开市场的长期决策。 ◆当做出是否停业的短期决策时,固定 Exit refers to a long-run decision to leave the market 企业的短期停业决策 企业的短期停业决策 The Firm's Short-Run Decision The Firm's short-Run Decision to shut down to shut down ◆沉没成本是那些已经发生而且无法回收 如果生产得到的收益小于生产的可变成 的成本。 本时,企业就停止营业。 Sunk costs are costs that have The firm shuts down if the revenue it gets already been committed and cannot from producing is less than the variable be recovered cost of production. 在某种意义上说,沉没成本是机会成本 如果TR<vc,停业( hut down if TR<vc) 的反面:无论你做什么选择,沉没成本 如果TRQ<vcQ,〃业( Shut down If TR/Q<vcQ) 不可避免 如果P<AVC,件业( Shut down ifP<Avc) 企业的短期业决袋 The firm's short-Run Decision to shut Down 企业的短期停业决策 The Firm's Short-Run Decision 企业的供始曲端 to shut down 竞争企业短期供给曲线是边际成本曲线 在平均可变成本曲线以上的那一部分 a profit. The portion of the marginal-cost curve the short the competitive firms short-run supply curve shut down4 19 企业的短期停业决策 The Firm’s Short-Run Decision to Shut Down ‹停止营业指在某个特定时期，由于当前 的市场条件而不生产任何东西的短期决 策。 A shutdown refers to a short-run decision not to produce anything during a specific period of time because of current market conditions. ‹退出指离开市场的长期决策。 Exit refers to a long-run decision to leave the market. 20 企业的短期停业决策 The Firm’s Short-Run Decision to Shut Down ‹当企业决定退出时，它考虑固定成本 ，但当企业决定是否停业时，它不考虑 固定成本。 The firm considers its fixed costs when deciding to exit, but ignores them when deciding whether to shut down. ‹当做出是否停业的短期决策时，固定 成本被称为沉没成本。 21 企业的短期停业决策 The Firm’s Short-Run Decision to Shut Down ‹沉没成本是那些已经发生而且无法回收 的成本。 Sunk costs are costs that have already been committed and cannot be recovered. ‹在某种意义上说，沉没成本是机会成本 的反面：无论你做什么选择，沉没成本 不可避免。 22 企业的短期停业决策 The Firm’s Short-Run Decision to Shut Down ‹如果生产得到的收益小于生产的可变成 本时，企业就停止营业。 The firm shuts down if the revenue it gets from producing is less than the variable cost of production. 如果TR < VC，停业（Shut down if TR < VC） 如果TR/Q < VC/Q，停业（Shut down if TR/Q < VC/Q） 如果P < AVC，停业（Shut down if P < AVC） 23 企业的短期停业决策 The Firm’s Short-Run Decision to Shut Down 产量 Quantity ATC AVC 0 成本 Costs MC 如果P < AVC ， 停止营业 If P < AVC, shut down. 如果P > AVC， 短期内继续生产 If P > AVC, keep producing in the short run. 如果P > ATC ， 继续生产，有利润 If P > ATC, keep producing at a profit. 企业的短期供给曲线 Firm’s short-run supply curve. 24 企业的短期停业决策 The Firm’s Short-Run Decision to Shut Down 竞争企业短期供给曲线是边际成本曲线 在平均可变成本曲线以上的那一部分。 The portion of the marginal-cost curve that lies above average variable cost is the competitive firm’s short-run supply curve