利润最大化:一个数字例子 竞争企业的利海最大化 Profit Maximization Profit Maximization for the Competitive Firm A Numerical Example 本中致签盐搞 格产量Qam基敏l 竞争企业的利润最大化 竞争企业的利润最大化 Profit maximization for the Profit maximization for the Competitive Firm Competitive Firm 在利润最大化的产量水平上,边 当 When Mr>MC增加 ncrease G 际收益和边际成本正好相等。 Profit maximization occurs at the 当 When MR<MC减少 decrease g quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. 当 When MR=MC利润是最大 的 Profit is maximized 边际成本曲线和企业的供给曲线 边际成本的线和企业的供给曲线 The Marginal-Cost Curve and the The Marginal-Cost Curve and the Firm's Supply Decision Firm's Supply Decision 由于企业的边际成本曲线决定了企业 在任何一种价格时愿意供给多少,因 the firms supply 此,这就是竞争企业的供给曲线 ATC Because the firm's marginal-cost curve determines how much the firm Avc is willing to supply at any price, it the competitive firms supply curve.3 13 利润最大化：一个数字例子 Profit Maximization: A Numerical Example 价格Pric e (P) 产量Quanti ty (Q) 总收益Total Revenue (TR=PxQ) 总成本Total Cost (TC) 利润Profit (TR-TC) 边际收益Marginal Revenue (MR= ) 边际成本Margi nal Cost MC= 0 $0.00 $3.00 -$3.00 $6.00 1 $6.00 $5.00 $1.00 $6.00 $2.00 $6.00 2 $12.00 $8.00 $4.00 $6.00 $3.00 $6.00 3 $18.00 $12.00 $6.00 $6.00 $4.00 $6.00 4 $24.00 $17.00 $7.00 $6.00 $5.00 $6.00 5 $30.00 $23.00 $7.00 $6.00 $6.00 $6.00 6 $36.00 $30.00 $6.00 $6.00 $7.00 $6.00 7 $42.00 $38.00 $4.00 $6.00 $8.00 $6.00 8 $48.00 $47.00 $1.00 $6.00 $9.00 ∆TR/ ∆Q ∆TC / ∆Q P=MR1 P = AR = MR MC 竞争企业的利润最大化 Profit Maximization for the Competitive Firm 产量Quantity 0 成本Costs and 收益Revenue ATC AVC QMAX 通过生产边际成本等于边际 收益的产量，企业使利润最 大化 The firm maximizes profit by producing the quantity at which marginal cost equals marginal revenue. MC1 Q1 MC2 Q2 15 竞争企业的利润最大化 Profit Maximization for the Competitive Firm 在利润最大化的产量水平上，边 际收益和边际成本正好相等。 Profit maximization occurs at the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. 16 竞争企业的利润最大化 Profit Maximization for the Competitive Firm 当When MR > MC 增加increase Q 当When MR < MC 减少decrease Q 当When MR = MC 利润是最大 的Profit is maximized. 17 边际成本曲线和企业的供给曲线 The Marginal-Cost Curve and the Firm’s Supply Decision... 由于企业的边际成本曲线决定了企业 在任何一种价格时愿意供给多少，因 此，这就是竞争企业的供给曲线。 Because the firm’s marginal-cost curve determines how much the firm is willing to supply at any price, it is the competitive firm’s supply curve. 边际成本曲线和企业的供给曲线 The Marginal-Cost Curve and the Firm’s Supply Decision... 0 Quantity Costs and Revenue MC ATC AVC Q1 P1 P2 Q2 这部分的企业边际成本曲 线也是企业的供给曲线 This section of the firm’s MC curve is also the firm’s supply curve