竞争企业的收益 竞争企业的收益 Revenue of a Competitive Firm Revenue of a Competitive Firm 对所有企业来说,平均收益等于物品的价格。 平均收益告诉我们一个企业从每一典型单 For all firms, average revenue equals the 位的销售中得到多少收益 price of the good Average revenue tells us how much revenue a firm receives for the typical Total revenu unit sold (Price x Quantity) Price 竞争企业的收益 竞争企业的收益 Revenue of a competitive Firm Revenue of a Competitive Firm 边际收益是销售量增加一个单位带来的总 收益的变化。 对竞争企业来说,边际收益等于物品价格。 Marginal revenue is the change in total For competitive firms, marginal revenue revenue from an additional unit sold equals the price of the good MR=△TR/△Q 竞争企业的总收益、平均收益和边际收益 竞争企业的利润最大化 Total, Average, and Marginal Revenue Profit maximization for the for a Competitive Firm Competitive Firm ◆竞争企业的目标是利润最大化 The goal of a competitive firm is to maximize 价格 Price Revenu profit. ◆这意味着企业将生产使总收益和总成本之差 最大的产量 This means that the firm will want to produce the quantity that maximizes the difference between total revenue and total cost2 7 竞争企业的收益 Revenue of a Competitive Firm 平均收益告诉我们一个企业从每一典型单 位的销售中得到多少收益。 Average revenue tells us how much revenue a firm receives for the typical unit sold. 8 竞争企业的收益 Revenue of a Competitive Firm 对所有企业来说，平均收益等于物品的价格。 For all firms, average revenue equals the price of the good. Average revenue = Total revenue Quantity = (Price Quantity) Quantity = Price × 9 竞争企业的收益 Revenue of a Competitive Firm 边际收益是销售量增加一个单位带来的总 收益的变化。 Marginal revenue is the change in total revenue from an additional unit sold. MR =∆TR/ ∆Q 10 竞争企业的收益 Revenue of a Competitive Firm 对竞争企业来说，边际收益等于物品价格。 For competitive firms, marginal revenue equals the price of the good. 11 竞争企业的总收益、平均收益和边际收益 Total, Average, and Marginal Revenue for a Competitive Firm 产量Quanti ty (Q) 价格Price (P) 总收益Total Revenue (TR=PxQ) 平均收益Average Revenue (AR=TR/Q) 边际收益Marginal Revenue (MR= ) 1 $6.00 $6.00 $6.00 2 $6.00 $12.00 $6.00 $6.00 3 $6.00 $18.00 $6.00 $6.00 4 $6.00 $24.00 $6.00 $6.00 5 $6.00 $30.00 $6.00 $6.00 6 $6.00 $36.00 $6.00 $6.00 7 $6.00 $42.00 $6.00 $6.00 8 $6.00 $48.00 $6.00 $6.00 ∆TR/ ∆Q 12 竞争企业的利润最大化 Profit Maximization for the Competitive Firm ‹竞争企业的目标是利润最大化。 The goal of a competitive firm is to maximize profit. ‹这意味着企业将生产使总收益和总成本之差 最大的产量。 This means that the firm will want to produce the quantity that maximizes the difference between total revenue and total cost