Pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma Normal hepatic Exposure to inflammatory oxidants epithelium (such as HBV or HCv Chronic hepatitis and/or cirrhosis Phenotypically tes altered hepatocyt Dysplastic hepatocytes Exposure to dietary carcinogens and tumour promoters such as aflatoxins and alcohol HCC Kensler TW, et al, Nature Rev cancer, 2010Kensler TW, et al, Nature Rev Cancer, 2010 Pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma