Commercial Space Communications Implications for National Security Operational Flexibility osmia direct broadcast system Gapfiller Short acquisition cycles New technology infusion · Satellite design Simplified SAT C Stable flexible capital Commercial Space launch Change as dramatic as communications Market 1975-1995-23 launches/year, 75-80% government 1997-2006-45-52 launches/year, commercial exceeds government Space launch modernization Increasing costs, decreasing National Space Launch Transportation Policy(1994) EELV-$2B,MLV(2001),HLV(2004) NASA Reusable Launch Vehicle(RLV) ·X-33Commercial Space Communications • Implications for National Security - Operational • Capacity • Flexibility • Bosnia & Direct Broadcast System • Gapfiller - Efficiencies • Short acquisition cycles • New technology infusion • Satellite design • Simplified SAT C2 • Stable & flexible capital Commercial Space Launch • Change as dramatic as communications • Market - 1975-1995-23 launches/year, 75-80% government - 1997-2006-45-52 launches/year, commercial exceeds government • Space launch modernization - Increasing costs, decreasing - National Space Launch Transportation Policy (1994) - EELV-$2B, MLV (2001), HLV (2004) - NASA Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) •X-33