垄断 垄断 Monopoly Monopoly 竞争企业是价格接受者,而垄 断企业是价格制定者。 第15章 While a competitive firm is a Chapter 15 price taker, a me I price ma 垄断 Monopoly 为什么会产生垄断 Why Monopolies Arise 一个企业被认为是垄断,如果 A firm is considered a monopoly 产生垄断的根本原因是进入障碍 它是其产品的唯一的卖者。 The fundamental cause of it is the sole seller of its product. monopoly is barriers to entry 而且其产品没有相近的替代品。 its product does not have close substitutes 为什么会产生垄断 Why Monopolies Arise 政府创造的垄断 进入障碍有三个主要来源: Government-Created Monopolies Barriers to entry have three sources: ◆关健资源由一豪企业所有 政府给予一个企业在一些市场上出售某种物品的专 门权利时,就限制了进入 ◆政府给予一个企业生产某种产品的独事的权利 The government gives a single firm the exclusive right to Governments may restrict entry by giving a single firm produce some good. the exclusive right to sell a particular good in certain ◆生产成本使一个生产者比大量生产者更有效率 markets. Costs of production make a single producer more efficient than large number of producers.1 垄断 Monopoly 第15章 Chapter 15 2 垄断 Monopoly 竞争企业是价格接受者，而垄 断企业是价格制定者。 While a competitive firm is a price taker, a monopoly firm is a price maker. 3 垄断 Monopoly ‹一个企业被认为是垄断，如果 A firm is considered a monopoly if …它是其产品的唯一的卖者。 it is the sole seller of its product. …而且其产品没有相近的替代品。 its product does not have close substitutes. 4 为什么会产生垄断 Why Monopolies Arise 产生垄断的根本原因是进入障碍。 The fundamental cause of monopoly is barriers to entry. 5 为什么会产生垄断 Why Monopolies Arise 进入障碍有三个主要来源： Barriers to entry have three sources: ‹ 关键资源由一家企业所有。 Ownership of a key resource. ‹ 政府给予一个企业生产某种产品的独享的权利。 The government gives a single firm the exclusive right to produce some good. ‹ 生产成本使一个生产者比大量生产者更有效率。 Costs of production make a single producer more efficient than a large number of producers. 6 政府创造的垄断 Government-Created Monopolies 当政府给予一个企业在一些市场上出售某种物品的专 门权利时，就限制了进入。 Governments may restrict entry by giving a single firm the exclusive right to sell a particular good in certain markets