by unlawful actions(or inaction)of state organs, or their officials Article 54 [Retroactive Laws (1) retroactive force (2) No one may be held liable for an action which was not recognized as an offense at the time of its commitment If liability for an offense has been lifted or mitigated after its perpetration, the new law applies. (1)The listing of the basic rights and liberties in the Constitution may not be interpreted as the denial or belittlement of the other commonly recognized human and citizens rights and liberties. (2)No laws denying or belittling human and civil rights and liberties may be issued in the russian Federation ()Human and civil rights and liberties may be restricted by the federal law only to the extent required for the protection of the fundamentals of the constitutional system, morality, health, rights and lawful interests of other persons, for ensuring the defense of the country and the security fthe state Article 56[Restrictions Individual Restrictions of rights and liberties with identification of the extent and of their duration may be instituted in conformity with the federal constitutional law under conditions of the state of emergency in order to ensure the safety of citizens and protection of the constitutional system. (2)A state of emergency throughout the territory of the russian Federation and in individual areas thereof may be introduced in the circumstances and in conformity with the procedures defined by the federal constitutional law ()The rights and liberties stipulated by Articles 20, 21, 23(1), 24, 28, 34(1), 40(1), 46-34 of the Constitution are not subject to restriction Article 57 Duty to Pay Taxes Everyone is obliged to pay lawful taxes and fees. Laws introducing ne taxes or worsening the situation of tax payers may not have retroactive Article 58 Duty to Protect the Environment] Everyone is obliged to preserve nature and the environment, and care for natural wealth Article 59[Military Service (1) Defense of the homeland is a duty and obligation of the citizen of the Russian Federation (2)The citizen of the Russian Federation do military service in conformity with the federal lay ()The citizen of the Russian Federation whose convictions and faith are at odds with military service, and also in other cases stipulated by the federal law has the right to the substitution of an alternative ci servIce Article 60 [Legal Age The citizen of the Russian Federation is recognized to be of legal age and may independently er his rights and duties in full upon reaching the age of 18 Article 61 [ Extradition] (1)The citizen of the Russian Federation may not be deported out of Russia or extradited to another state (2)The Russian Federation guarantees its citizens defense and patronage beyond its boundaries (1)The citizen of the Russian Federation may have the citizenship of foreign state(dual citizenship) in conformity with the federal law or intemational treaty of the Russian Federation. (2)Possession of the citizenship of a foreign state by the citizen of the Russian Federation does not belittle his or her ranks and liberties orby unlawful actions (or inaction) of state organs, or their officials. Article 54 [Retroactive Laws] (1) The law instituting or aggravating the liability of a person has no retroactive force. (2) No one may be held liable for an action which was not recognized as an offense at the time of its commitment. If liability for an offense has been lifted or mitigated after its perpetration, the new law applies. Article 55 [Limits on Restrictions] (1) The listing of the basic rights and liberties in the Constitution may not be interpreted as the denial or belittlement of the other commonly recognized human and citizens' rights and liberties. (2) No laws denying or belittling human and civil rights and liberties may be issued in the Russian Federation. (3) Human and civil rights and liberties may be restricted by the federal law only to the extent required for the protection of the fundamentals of the constitutional system, morality, health, rights and lawful interests of other persons, for ensuring the defense of the country and the security of the state. Article 56 [Restrictions] Individual Restrictions of rights and liberties with identification of the extent and of their duration may be instituted in conformity with the federal constitutional law under conditions of the state of emergency in order to ensure the safety of citizens and protection of the constitutional system. (2) A state of emergency throughout the territory of the Russian Federation and in individual areas thereof may be introduced in the circumstances and in conformity with the procedures defined by the federal constitutional law. (3) The rights and liberties stipulated by Articles 20, 21, 23 (1), 24, 28, 34 (1), 40 (1), 46-54 of the Constitution are not subject to restriction. Article 57 [Duty to Pay Taxes] Everyone is obliged to pay lawful taxes and fees. Laws introducing new taxes or worsening the situation of tax payers may not have retroactive force. Article 58 [Duty to Protect the Environment] Everyone is obliged to preserve nature and the environment, and care for natural wealth. Article 59 [Military Service] (1) Defense of the homeland is a duty and obligation of the citizen of the Russian Federation. (2) The citizen of the Russian Federation do military service in conformity with the federal law. (3) The citizen of the Russian Federation whose convictions and faith are at odds with military service, and also in other cases stipulated by the federal law has the right to the substitution of an alternative civil service for military service. Article 60 [Legal Age] The citizen of the Russian Federation is recognized to be of legal age and may independently exercise his rights and duties in full upon reaching the age of 18. Article 61 [Extradition] (1) The citizen of the Russian Federation may not be deported out of Russia or extradited to another state. (2) The Russian Federation guarantees its citizens defense and patronage beyond its boundaries. Article 62 [Dual Citizenship] (1) The citizen of the Russian Federation may have the citizenship of a foreign state (dual citizenship) in conformity with the federal law or international treaty of the Russian Federation. (2) Possession of the citizenship of a foreign state by the citizen of the Russian Federation does not belittle his or her ranks and liberties or