idealist currents The intellectuals who are more clo sely connected with the mass: have replaced"the philosophy of praxis "with the material ist philosophy(have betrayed the spirit of the philosophy of praxis) The reason. Catholic church and the unity of faith(to keep the unity of intellectuals and mass by forbidding independent intellectual activities) The history of the separation between intellectuals and mass in the modern Europe (renaissance, the reformation, the idealist philosophy) The orthodoxy intellectuals: adaptation to the common sense of the mass(the ideology of the subaltern group) 2, the Organic intellectuals and the traditional Intellectuals P5, organic intellectuals: homogeneity and universal ity of the social group Organizer of society in general) Every social group, coming into existence on the original terrain of an essential function in the world of economic production, creates together with itself, organically one of more strata of intellectuals which give it homogene ity and awareness of its own function not only in the economic but also in the social and political fields Aristocracy: have its own organic intellectuals The capitalist entrepreneurs: have its own organic intellectuals The peasants: not have its own organic intellectuals P6-7, traditional intellectuals: an independent category(represents the historical continuity); in the final analysis, they are also the organic intellectuals owever, every 'essential' social group which emerges into history out of the preceding economic structure, and as expression of a development of this structure, has found (at least in all of the history up to the present) categories of intellectual already in existence and which seemed indeed to represent an historical continuity uninterrupted even by the most complicated and radical changes in political and social Reasons for this the ecclesiastics: P7 Since these various categories of intellectuals experience through an espirit de corps their uninterrupted historical continuity and their special qualification, they thus put themselves forward as autonomous and independent of the dominant social group The criterion to differentiate the intellectuals from other social group: P8 THE FUCTION IN SOCIETY "the most widespread error of method seems to me that of having looked for this2 idealist currents; The intellectuals who are more closely connected with the mass: have replaced “the philosophy of praxis” with the materialist philosophy (have betrayed the spirit of the philosophy of praxis). The reason: Catholic church and the unity of faith (to keep the unity of intellectuals and mass by forbidding independent intellectual activities) The history of the separation between intellectuals and mass in the modern Europe (renaissance, the reformation, the idealist philosophy) The orthodoxy intellectuals: adaptation to the common sense of the mass (the ideology of the subaltern group) 2, the Organic intellectuals and the Traditional Intellectuals P5, organic intellectuals: homogeneity and universality of the social group (“organizer of society in general”) “Every social group, coming into existence on the original terrain of an essential function in the world of economic production, creates together with itself, organically, one of more strata of intellectuals which give it homogeneity and awareness of its own function not only in the economic but also in the social and political fields.” Aristocracy: have its own organic intellectuals The capitalist entrepreneurs: have its own organic intellectuals The peasants: not have its own organic intellectuals P6-7, traditional intellectuals: an independent category (represents the historical continuity); in the final analysis, they are also the organic intellectuals “However, every ‘essential’ social group which emerges into history out of the preceding economic structure, and as expression of a development of this structure, has found (at least in all of the history up to the present) categories of intellectuals already in existence and which seemed indeed to represent an historical continuity uninterrupted even by the most complicated and radical changes in political and social forms.” Reasons for this: the ecclesiastics:P7 “Since these various categories of intellectuals experience through an ‘espirit de corps’ their uninterrupted historical continuity and their special qualification, they thus put themselves forward as autonomous and independent of the dominant social group. ” The criterion to differentiate the intellectuals from other social group : P8 THE FUCTION IN SOCIETY “the most widespread error of method seems to me that of having looked for this