CONTENTS 3.5.1. Theoretical Considerations 3.5.2. Instrumentation 3.5.3. Operational procedures 3.5. 4. Process Parameters 3.5.5. Advantages and Applications of 6. Microwave-Assisted extraction 3.6. 1. Theoretical Considerations 3. 6.2. Instrumentation 3.6.3. Procedures and Advantages/ Disadvantag 3. 6. 4. Process Parameters 3.6.5. Applications of MAE 7. Comparison of the Various Extraction Techniques CHAPTER 4 EXTRACTION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS Gregory C Slack, Nicholas H. Snow, and Dawen Kou 4.1. Volatile Organics and Their Analysis 4. 2. Static Headspace Extraction 4.2.1. Sample Preparation for Static Headspace Extraction 4.2.2. Optimizing Static Headspace Extraction Efficiency and Quantitation 4.2.3. Quantitative Techniques in Static Headspace Extraction 4.3. Dynamic Headspace Extraction or Purge and Trap 431. Instrumentation 4.3.2. Operational Procedures in Purge and Trap 4.3.3. Interfacing Purge and Trap with GC 44. Solid-Phase Microextraction3.5.1. Theoretical Considerations 155 3.5.2. Instrumentation 156 3.5.3. Operational Procedures 158 3.5.4. Process Parameters 159 3.5.5. Advantages and Applications of ASE 161 3.6. Microwave-Assisted Extraction 163 3.6.1. Theoretical Considerations 163 3.6.2. Instrumentation 164 3.6.3. Procedures and Advantages/ Disadvantages 170 3.6.4. Process Parameters 170 3.6.5. Applications of MAE 173 3.7. Comparison of the Various Extraction Techniques 173 References 178 CHAPTER 4 EXTRACTION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS 183 Gregory C. Slack, Nicholas H. Snow, and Dawen Kou 4.1. Volatile Organics and Their Analysis 183 4.2. Static Headspace Extraction 184 4.2.1. Sample Preparation for Static Headspace Extraction 186 4.2.2. Optimizing Static Headspace Extraction E‰ciency and Quantitation 187 4.2.3. Quantitative Techniques in Static Headspace Extraction 190 4.3. Dynamic Headspace Extraction or Purge and Trap 194 4.3.1. Instrumentation 194 4.3.2. Operational Procedures in Purge and Trap 199 4.3.3. Interfacing Purge and Trap with GC 199 4.4. Solid-Phase Microextraction 200 x contents