CONTENTS 2. 4.5. Procedures 111 2. 4.6. Recent Advances in SPe l13 2.5. Solid-Phase Microextraction 2.5.1. Sorbents 2.5.2. Sorbent selection l18 2.5.3. Methodology l19 2.5.4. Recent Advances in Techniques 124 2.6. Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction 125 2.6.2. Methodology 2.6.3. Recent Advances in Techniques l29 2.7. Method Comparison 130 References CHAPTER 3 EXTRACTION OF SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM SOLID MATRICES Dawven Kou and Somenath Mitr 3.1. Introduction 3.1.1. Extraction Mechanism 3.1.2. Preextraction Proced 3.1.3 Postextraction procedures 14 3.2. Soxhlet and Automated Soxhlet 3. 2.1. Soxhlet Extraction 142 3. 2.2. Automated Soxhlet Extraction 3.2.3. Comparison between Soxtec and 145 33. Ultrasonic extraction Selected A Comparison with Soxhlet 3.4. Supercritical Fluid Extraction 3.4.1. Theoretical Considerations 3.4.2. Instrumentation l52 3.4.3. Operational Procedures 153 3.4.4. Advantages/Disadvantages and Applications of SFE 3.5. Accelerated Solvent extraction2.4.5. Procedures 111 2.4.6. Recent Advances in SPE 113 2.5. Solid-Phase Microextraction 113 2.5.1. Sorbents 116 2.5.2. Sorbent Selection 118 2.5.3. Methodology 119 2.5.4. Recent Advances in Techniques 124 2.6. Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction 125 2.6.1. Sorbent and Analyte Recovery 125 2.6.2. Methodology 127 2.6.3. Recent Advances in Techniques 129 2.7. Method Comparison 130 References 131 CHAPTER 3 EXTRACTION OF SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM SOLID MATRICES 139 Dawen Kou and Somenath Mitra 3.1. Introduction 139 3.1.1. Extraction Mechanism 140 3.1.2. Preextraction Procedures 141 3.1.3. Postextraction Procedures 141 3.2. Soxhlet and Automated Soxhlet 142 3.2.1. Soxhlet Extraction 142 3.2.2. Automated Soxhlet Extraction 143 3.2.3. Comparison between Soxtec and Soxhlet 145 3.3. Ultrasonic Extraction 145 3.3.1. Selected Applications and Comparison with Soxhlet 147 3.4. Supercritical Fluid Extraction 148 3.4.1. Theoretical Considerations 148 3.4.2. Instrumentation 152 3.4.3. Operational Procedures 153 3.4.4. Advantages/Disadvantages and Applications of SFE 154 3.5. Accelerated Solvent Extraction 155 contents ix