Calcium blockers:1,4-dihydropyridines;Phenylalkylamines;Benzothiazepines;Sympatholytics;Peripherally acting:B-blockers; Centrally acting:methyldopa,a2-adrenergic agonists/I1 agonists Adrenergic neuron blocking agents and ganglionic blockers Vasodilators:Hydralazine hydrochloride;Potassium channel openers;Nitrodilators;Phosphodiesterase inhibitors 4.3.4 Drugs used to treat congestive heart failure First-line:ACEIs/ARBs,B-blockers,MR antagonists. Second-line:cardiac glycosides,PDE3Is,B-agonists. Newer drugs 4.3.5 Drugs used to treat ischemic heart disease organic nitrates;calcium channel blockers;B-blockers(propranolol,metoprolol,carvedilol) 4.3.6 Drugs used to treat cardiac arrhythmia sodium channel blockers;B-adrenergic receptor blockers;potassium channel blockers;calcium channel blockers 4.教学方法 Based on the introduction of case study,improve the student understanding factors including physicochemical and physiological characteristics that influence drug performance in vivo and in vitro 5.教学评价 Quick summary test and discuss selected frequently asked questions. Section 5.Drugs affecting the hormonal systemsCalcium blockers: 1,4-dihydropyridines; Phenylalkylamines; Benzothiazepines; Sympatholytics; Peripherally acting: β- blockers; Centrally acting: methyldopa, α2-adrenergic agonists / I1 agonists Adrenergic neuron blocking agents and ganglionic blockers Vasodilators: Hydralazine hydrochloride; Potassium channel openers; Nitrodilators; Phosphodiesterase inhibitors 4.3.4 Drugs used to treat congestive heart failure First-line: ACEIs/ARBs, β-blockers, MR antagonists. Second-line: cardiac glycosides, PDE3Is, β-agonists. Newer drugs 4.3.5 Drugs used to treat ischemic heart disease organic nitrates; calcium channel blockers; β-blockers (propranolol, metoprolol, carvedilol) 4.3.6 Drugs used to treat cardiac arrhythmia sodium channel blockers; β-adrenergic receptor blockers; potassium channel blockers; calcium channel blockers 4.教学方法 Based on the introduction of case study, improve the student understanding factors including physicochemical and physiological characteristics that influence drug performance in vivo and in vitro 5.教学评价 Quick summary test and discuss selected frequently asked questions. Section 5. Drugs affecting the hormonal systems