3. The new universities The New Universities are all the universities founded since the second World War(1945). The characteristic of the new universities is that each one has its own independent approach to teaching Besides the formal universities, there are also other kinds of higher education, h as polytechnics(理工专科学校), vocational schools etc.In1963, Open University was established and became famous. It is a newly started university, which makes use of televisions, rad ios and correspondence courses. It is open to everyone and doesn t demand the same formal qualifications as the other universities. The courses are followed in students'spare time. Lectures are broadcast on Tv and radio, and students correspond with their tutors by post. There are also some classes in the evenings. At the end of the course, successful students are awarded a university degree Compared to the United States, fewer people go on to higher education in Britain, and there is more emphasis on segregating pupils at the lower levels on the basis of ability. Most British schools are funded by the central government, with loca governments prov iding supplemental fund ing. England and Wales have a national curriculum of core courses for students 5 to 16 years old, and schools are inspected by the Office for Standards in Education. National tests at the ages of 7, 11, and 14 assess students'progress. Schools must provide religious education and daily collective worship for all pupils, although parents can withdraw their children from these. Full-time school begins at age 5 in great Britain and at age 4 in northern Ireland. In addition, about half of 3- and 4-year-olds are enrolled in specialized nursery schools or in nursery classes at primary schools In Britain, the term form is used to designate grade old boys and old girls refer to people who have graduated from a school. Private schools or independent schools are alled public schools, a term that just the opposite in the United States. What are called public schools in the United States are called state schools in Britain. When a person is sent down from school, it means he or she has been thrown out. Grammar schools are university preparatory schools, most of which have been replaced by abilities. S modern schools provide vocational education rather preparation for university entrance Exercise:15 3. The new Universities. The New Universities are all the universities founded since the Second World War (1945). The characteristic of the new universities is that each one has its own independent approach to teaching. Besides the formal universities, there are also other kinds of higher education, such as polytechnics (理工专科学校), vocational schools etc. In 1963, Open University was established and became famous. It is a newly started university, which makes use of televisions, radios and correspondence courses. It is open to everyone and doesn’t demand the same formal qualifications as the other universities. The courses are followed in students’ spare time. Lectures are broadcast on TV and radio, and students correspond with their tutors by post. There are also some classes in the evenings. At the end of the course, successful students are awarded a university degree. Compared to the United States, fewer people go on to higher education in Britain, and there is more emphasis on segregating pupils at the lower levels on the basis of ability. Most British schools are funded by the central government, with local governments providing supplemental funding. England and Wales have a national curriculum of core courses for students 5 to 16 years old, and schools are inspected by the Office for Standards in Education. National tests at the ages of 7, 11, and 14 assess students’ progress. Schools must provide religious education and daily collective worship for all pupils, although parents can withdraw their children from these. Full-time school begins at age 5 in Great Britain and at age 4 in Northern Ireland. In addition, about half of 3- and 4-year-olds are enrolled in specialized nursery schools or in nursery classes at primary schools. In Britain, the term form is used to designate grade; old boys and old girls refer to people who have graduated from a school. Private schools or independent schools are called public schools, a term that means just the opposite in the United States. What are called public schools in the United States are called state schools in Britain. When a person is sent down from school, it means he or she has been thrown out. Grammar schools are university preparatory schools, most of which have been replaced by comprehensive schools catering to students of all academic abilities. Secondary modern schools provide vocational education rather preparation for university entrance. Exercise: