Z*=Z-6 Example O,Z=8 Electron configuration:1s2 2s2 2p4 a)(1s2)(2s22p4) b)ō=(2*0.85)+(5*0.35)=3.45 1s 2s,2p Z*=Z-0 Z*=8-3.45=4.55 This electron is actually held with about 57%of the force that one would expect for a +8 nucleus. Z*=Z-0 Example:Ni,Z=28 Electron configuration:1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 4s2 (1s2)(2s22p6)(3s23p6)(3d8)(4s2 For a 3d electron: 6=(18*1.00)+(7*0.35)=20.45 1s,2s,2p,3s,3p 3d Z*=Z-0 Z*=28-20.45=7.55 For a 4s electron: 6=(10*1.00)+(16*0.85)+(1*0.35)=23.95 1s,2s,2p 3s,3p,3d 4s Z*=Z-6Z*=28-23.95=4.05Z* = Z - σ Example : O, Z = 8 Electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p4 a) (1s2) (2s2 2p4) b) σ = (2 * 0.85) + (5 * 0.35) = 3.45 1s 2s,2p Z* = Z - σ Z* = 8 – 3.45 = 4.55 This electron is actually held with about 57% of the force that one would expect for a +8 nucleus. Z* = Z - σ Example: Ni, Z = 28 Electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 4s2 (1s2) (2s2 2p6) (3s2 3p6) (3d8) (4s2) For a 3d electron: σ = (18 * 1.00) + (7 * 0.35) = 20.45 1s,2s,2p,3s,3p 3d Z* = Z - σ Z* = 28 – 20.45 = 7.55 For a 4s electron: σ = (10 * 1.00) + (16 * 0.85) + (1 * 0.35) = 23.95 1s,2s,2p 3s,3p,3d 4s Z* = Z - σ Z* = 28 – 23.95 = 4.05