Table I FRC Industrial Applications Performance Applications Ve(%) S? Properties Utilized Cost reduction ement""full pp monofils SS MOR, toughness pete with steel n Shrinkage crack res. Durability Crackstop o shrinkage control steel n Wear resistance ability Less than complete Canada op rutting of Life-cost Denmark Stang. 94 SIFCON 0.75 nergy absorption Impact Fatigue Life-cost = n Elastic modulus Compatibility with substrate conerete N Toughness Reduced thickne Canada Johnston. 9 1.7-25 SS Toughness Denmark Ramboll ustrial Metglas Adhesion 3MPa. Self-leveling, Chem. Life-cost France Lanko MPa. MOR 12 Shock, abrasion Industrial floor steel Ductility isting base mage res from Rendering, flo PP N No need for sand Denmark screeding resist, crack stop ngth and Floors Slabs pp 0.1 Shrinkage crack re ife-cost 300K m2 Glavind enmark Stang, 94 replaces mesh, reduce nsitop Broc. liability metglas Chemical res Parking garage pp n Shrinkage crack re Durability No steel mesh Denmark mm thick slabs 16x8 Shrinkage crack res. Seis mic force red. Build, weight resion Ss Shrinkage crack res. Durability Replace steel rein Mufti et al. 93 hear resistance Curtain wall carbon CFRC Broe Transp. oost red. all panels Low density inless Clubhouse n shells 65Km2 uilding foundation costTable I FRC Industrial Applications Applications Fiber Vf (%) S? Properties Utilized Performance Improvements Cost Reduction Amount Appl. & Location Reference Pavement overlay* 35 m long, 10 cm thick pp 1steel 0.75 1 0.75 SS Shrinkage crack res. Tensile strain cap. Durability: no failure at joints Thick. red. to 1⁄2 No steel reinf. No cut joint Denmark Glavind, ’93; Ramboll Hannemann & Hojlund, ’92 Pavement 75– 175 mm thick steel 0.5–1 SS Shrinkage crack res. Flexural strength Durability? Greater joint spacing Canada Balaguru & Shah, ’92 Pavement* “full depth” Thin bridgedeck overlay pp monofils 1 SS MOR, toughness Impact resistance chemical resistance fatigue resistance Compete with steel fibers US Van Mier, ’95 Ramakrishnan, ’93 Pavement 200 mm thick, 80 m long pp 0.7 N Shrinkage crack res. Durability No steel No shrinkage control joint U.K. Crackstop News, No. 1, ’90 Pavement whitetopping 100 mm steel 1 N Wear resistance Durability Stop rutting of asphalt Noise reduction Less than complete replacement of flex. pavement Canada Johnston, ’95 Repair Pavement pp 1–1.5 N Toughness Interface bond Crack res. Delamination res. Life-cost Denmark Glavind & Stang, ’94 Repair Airfield pavement SIFCON steel 5 0.75 SS Toughness Interface bond Energy absorption MOR Tensile strain cap. Crack & spall res. Delamination res. Impact res. (dyn. load from planes) Fatigue res. Life-cost Simplicity in slip￾form paving Incr. in joint spacing Glavind & Stang, ’94 Balaguru and Shah, ’92 Germany Harex fiber broc. Repair Airfield runway patch steel ? N Elastic modulus COE Compatibility with substrate concrete Durability Life-cost US Balaguru & Shah, ’92 Repair Bridge substructure steel pp 0.3 0.2 N Toughness Fatigue res. Impact res. Reduced thickness Canada Johnston, ’95 Repair General pp 1 steel 1.7–2.5 SS Toughness Interface bond Crack res. Delamination res. Life-cost No shrink. reinf. Thick. red. Denmark Ramboll Hannemann & Hojlund, ’92 Industrial floor restoration Metglas 1 SS Adhesion 3MPa, Compress. 80 MPa, MOR 12 MPa Self-leveling, Chem. corr. res. Shock, abrasion, crack res. Life-cost France St. Gobain, Lanko Industrial floor rehabilitation Thin overlay steel 0.5 SS Ductility Toughness Long term bond to existing base Spall res. Damage res. from forklift Reduce production facility downtime Long term performance US Smith, R., ’95 Rendering, floor screeding pp ? N Shrinkage crack resist, crack stop Durability No need for sand 3strength and bond Denmark D. Davis, Danaklon lit. Floors & Slabs pp 0.1 n Shrinkage crack res. Toughness Durability Life-cost 300K m2 , Denmark Glavind & Stang, ’94 steel 0.3–0.5 “1 energy absopt., MOR, toughness Impact res. (dyn. wheel load form fork lift); Easy processing, High reliability Spall res. Fatigue res. replaces mesh, reduce labor, slab thickness, incr. joint spacing, faster construction, lower maint. cost Bache, ’92 Densitop Broc. Bekaert Broc. Metglas Chemical res. St. Gobain, Lanko Parking garage floor 150 mm thick slabs 16 3 8 m pp 0.9 N Shrinkage crack res. Durability No steel mesh Denmark Crackstop News, No. 1, ’90 Bridge deck slabs* pp 0.88 SS Shrinkage crack res. Shear resistance Durability Replace steel reinf., Caontrol corrosion Canada Mufti et al, ’93 Curtain wall panels carbon 2–4 SS Low density Strength Shrinkage crack res. Light-weight Seismic force red. Fire res. Dim. stability Durability Build. weight red. Found. cost red. Steel red. Transp. cost red. Erec. cost red. Constr. time red. Shape flexibility 300K m2 Japan CFRC Broc., Kajima Wall panels carbon 2 SS MOR Low density Avoid corner damage & cracking Durable against sunlight, heat and salt Increase design flexibility Light-weight Kitakyus hu Prince Hotel 12 tons Japan Mitsubishi Kasei Broc. Ando, Lightweight cladding panels skin 40,75 mm thick stainless steel 1.3 SS MOR Low density Durability, Res. wind load Sail Clubhouse Australia Fibresteel, Vol 4 No. 1, ’92 Thin shells & facades AR glass 4–5 SS Shrinkage crack res. Tensile strength Toughness MOR Durability Shape desg flex. No steel reinf. Low weight per unit area, building deadload, foundation cost 65K m2 , Denmark Glavind & Stang, ’94 666 LI