上游充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Travel to Endemic Areas 前往疫区 Travelers need to be immunized against diseases that are endemic in foreign countries.前往疫区国家 前需免疫接种。 Table 25.7 Immunizations required or recommended for international travela Disease Destination Recommendationb Yellow fever Tropical and subtropical countries, Immunization required for entry especially in sub-Saharan Africa and 要求免疫 South America Rabies Rural,mountainous,and upland areas Immunization recommended if direct contact with wild carnivores is anticipated Typhoid fever Many African,Asian,Central,and Immunization recommended in areas endemic for South American countries typhoid fever 准荐免疫 "National Center for Infectious Diseases Travelers'Health,U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,http://www.cdc.govltravel. bVaccinations are generally recommended for diphtheria,pertussis,hepatitis A,hepatitis B,tetanus,polio,measles,mumps,rubella,and influenza as appropriate for the age of the traveler(Section 22.13).Most U.S.citizens are immunized against these diseases through normal immunization practices.Requirements and recommendations for specific vaccinations for each country are found at the website.Recommendations are also made for other appropriate infectious disease prevention measures,such as prophylactic drug therapy for malaria and plague prevention when visiting endemic areas.There are no current requirements for reentry to the United States. Table 25-7 Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11/e 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall,Inc.21 上海交通大学通识教育核心课程《微生物的世界》 Travel to Endemic Areas 前往疫区 Travelers need to be immunized against diseases that are endemic in foreign countries. 前往疫区国家 前需免疫接种。 要求免疫 推荐免疫