HENNE 773 Fig.18 QSJ baseline variable sweep configuration. that need more research and technology development to achieve the been made in the development of sonic boom suppression tech- desired level of performance. nology.Boom suppression technology needs to be flight demon- strated to reduce risk to a point of commercial acceptability Configuration Characteristics Atmospheric chemistry models have advanced to the point of credible analyses of emissions impacts.Atmospheric studies of One of the more significant design considerations that has been aircraft cruise emissions suggest advantageous cruise altitudes evaluated in the development of a configuration to meet the Fig.16 and strongly favor a small vehicle.An aggressive and continu- design requirements is the wing geometry.The introduction of vari- ing research and development program in aeronautical fundamen- able wing sweep geometry offers the potential of satisfaction of tals is sorely needed to support low emissions in future aircraft the diverse high-speed and low-speed requirements.Analyses to designs. date indicate that variable wing sweep is favored.The precedents The small supersonic civil aircraft is seen as an exciting opportu- set with F-111,F-14,and B-1,as well as numerous foreign de- nity finally to provide a successful supersonic transportation system. signs,confirm that this design approach is certainly ready for the It is an opportunity to provide revolutionary capability to a market civil market.As summarized in Fig.17,the positives for variable that values speed.It is an opportunity to provide the long-sought wing sweep outweigh the negatives.The variable sweep wing has first successful supersonic civil aircraft. been a strong factor in the green assessment shown in Fig.16 for takeoff field length.It is fundamental to the data shown in Fig.13 for airport noise estimates.It provides for greater poten- Acknowledgments tial in the high-speed design area for both improvement of super- Special thanks go to R.Wolz,T.Porter,D.Howe, sonic performance and suppression of sonic boom.A Gulfstream T.Conners,J.Salamone,F.Simmons III,and D.Freund of Gulf- baseline QSJ configuration with a variable sweep wing is shown stream Aerospace Corporation who have made significant contri- in Fig.18. butions to the Gulfstream quiet supersonic jet Program.Recogni- tion also goes to R.Wlezien,M.Tang,and P.Coen from NASA Summary for their assistance and encouragement.A special thanks goes to R.Hicks,NASA retired,for his assistance with sonic boom and A significant factor in the growth of small civil aircraft market is supersonic aerodynamic development.Special recognition goes to the value of time.Recognition of the ever-increasing value of time D.Wuebbles and his team at the University of Illinois,Depart- has lead to increased interest in the feasibility of a small supersonic ment of Atmospheric Sciences for their expertise in atmospheric civil aircraft.The step to supersonic speeds offers the potential of a chemistry and modeling and their fleet analyses efforts.Finally. dramatic decrease in travel time.Multiple market research studies special thanks go to D.Maglieri of Eagle Aeronautics,Inc.,for his of a small supersonic civil jet have been conducted.The current amazing experience,knowledge,and intuition in all aspects of sonic perspective indicates there is a significant market potential for a boom. small supersonic civil aircraft,provided supersonic overland flight is achieved.Studies suggest a market size of 300+units over a 10-year period can be expected. References Hindsight suggests that a first truly successful supersonic civil Wolz,R.."A Summary of Recent Supersonic Vehicle Studies at Gulf- aircraft should,in fact,be a small vehicle.Vehicles of the business stream Aerospace."AIAA Paper 2003-0558.Jan.2003. aircraft size provide a much greater opportunity for a successful 2Wlezien.R..and Veitch.L.."The DARPA Quiet Supersonic Platform solution of the technical,environmental,and economic concerns Program,"AlAA Paper 2002-0143,Jan.2002. Successful achievement of technical,environmental,and economic 3.The Potential for The Supersonic Business Jet,"Meridian International objectives with a business jet size vehicle will satisfy growing mar- Research,Aviation House,Wellesbourne Airport,Wellesbourne,Warwick. England,U.K.,March 1999. ket demand and pave the way for future larger and more advanced 4"SSBJ II Airline and Fractional Markets,"Meridian International Re- vehicles. search,Aviation House,Wellesbourne Airport,Wellesbourne,Warwick. Environmental concerns for sonic boom,engine exhaust emis- England,U.K.,July 2000. sions,and airport noise need to be addressed responsibly for any sSmall Supersonic Vehicle Definition and Market Outlook."Teal Group small supersonic civil aircraft design.Significant progress has Corporation,Nov.2002.HENNE 773 Fig. 18 QSJ baseline variable sweep configuration. that need more research and technology development to achieve the desired level of performance. Configuration Characteristics One of the more significant design considerations that has been evaluated in the development of a configuration to meet the Fig. 16 design requirements is the wing geometry. The introduction of vari￾able wing sweep geometry offers the potential of satisfaction of the diverse high-speed and low-speed requirements. Analyses to date indicate that variable wing sweep is favored. The precedents set with F-111, F-14, and B-1, as well as numerous foreign de￾signs, confirm that this design approach is certainly ready for the civil market. As summarized in Fig. 17, the positives for variable wing sweep outweigh the negatives. The variable sweep wing has been a strong factor in the green assessment shown in Fig. 16 for takeoff field length. It is fundamental to the data shown in Fig. 13 for airport noise estimates. It provides for greater poten￾tial in the high-speed design area for both improvement of super￾sonic performance and suppression of sonic boom. A Gulfstream baseline QSJ configuration with a variable sweep wing is shown in Fig. 18. Summary A significant factor in the growth of small civil aircraft market is the value of time. Recognition of the ever-increasing value of time has lead to increased interest in the feasibility of a small supersonic civil aircraft. The step to supersonic speeds offers the potential of a dramatic decrease in travel time. Multiple market research studies of a small supersonic civil jet have been conducted. The current perspective indicates there is a significant market potential for a small supersonic civil aircraft, provided supersonic overland flight is achieved. Studies suggest a market size of 300+ units over a 10-year period can be expected. Hindsight suggests that a first truly successful supersonic civil aircraft should, in fact, be a small vehicle. Vehicles of the business aircraft size provide a much greater opportunity for a successful solution of the technical, environmental, and economic concerns. Successful achievement of technical, environmental, and economic objectives with a business jet size vehicle will satisfy growing mar￾ket demand and pave the way for future larger and more advanced vehicles. Environmental concerns for sonic boom, engine exhaust emis￾sions, and airport noise need to be addressed responsibly for any small supersonic civil aircraft design. Significant progress has been made in the development of sonic boom suppression tech￾nology. Boom suppression technology needs to be flight demon￾strated to reduce risk to a point of commercial acceptability. Atmospheric chemistry models have advanced to the point of credible analyses of emissions impacts. Atmospheric studies of aircraft cruise emissions suggest advantageous cruise altitudes and strongly favor a small vehicle. An aggressive and continu￾ing research and development program in aeronautical fundamen￾tals is sorely needed to support low emissions in future aircraft designs. The small supersonic civil aircraft is seen as an exciting opportu￾nity finally to provide a successful supersonic transportation system. It is an opportunity to provide revolutionary capability to a market that values speed. It is an opportunity to provide the long-sought first successful supersonic civil aircraft. Acknowledgments Special thanks go to R. Wolz, T. Porter, D. Howe, T. Conners, J. Salamone, F. Simmons III, and D. Freund of Gulf￾stream Aerospace Corporation who have made significant contri￾butions to the Gulfstream quiet supersonic jet Program. Recogni￾tion also goes to R. Wlezien, M. Tang, and P. Coen from NASA for their assistance and encouragement. A special thanks goes to R. Hicks, NASA retired, for his assistance with sonic boom and supersonic aerodynamic development. Special recognition goes to D. Wuebbles and his team at the University of Illinois, Depart￾ment of Atmospheric Sciences for their expertise in atmospheric chemistry and modeling and their fleet analyses efforts. Finally, special thanks go to D. Maglieri of Eagle Aeronautics, Inc., for his amazing experience, knowledge, and intuition in all aspects of sonic boom. References 1Wolz, R., “A Summary of Recent Supersonic Vehicle Studies at Gulf￾stream Aerospace,” AIAA Paper 2003-0558, Jan. 2003. 2Wlezien, R., and Veitch, L., “The DARPA Quiet Supersonic Platform Program,” AIAA Paper 2002-0143, Jan. 2002. 3“The Potential for The Supersonic Business Jet,” Meridian International Research, Aviation House, Wellesbourne Airport, Wellesbourne, Warwick, England, U.K., March 1999. 4“SSBJ II Airline and Fractional Markets,” Meridian International Re￾search, Aviation House, Wellesbourne Airport, Wellesbourne, Warwick, England, U.K., July 2000. 5“Small Supersonic Vehicle Definition and Market Outlook,” Teal Group Corporation, Nov. 2002