Statecraft a Statecraft: emphasis on the present, stress on practical application, learning of practical use to society 17th century(origin)-18th century (replaced b opposite school)-19th century (revival) Confucian humanism vS. metaphysical speculation as being empty Writings on Statecraft] from 1830s-early 20h ynasty Huangchao jingshi wentian collection of ching d century Among the school: Zhuang Cunyu, Liu Fenglu, Gong Zizhen, Wei Yuan, Lin Zexu( 1839, translations) Wei Yuan: Proposal for maritime frontier defense before the Opium WarStatecraft Statecraft „ Statecraft: emphasis on the present, stress on practical Statecraft: emphasis on the present, stress on practical application, application, ‘learning of practical use to society. learning of practical use to society.’ „ 17th century (origin) century (origin) – 18th century (replaced by its century (replaced by its opposite school) opposite school) – 19th century (revival) Confucian century (revival) Confucian humanism vs. metaphysical speculation as being humanism vs. metaphysical speculation as being ‘empty’ „ Huangchao Huangchao jingshi jingshi wenbian wenbian [Collection of Ch [Collection of Ch’ing Dynasty ing Dynasty Writings on Statecraft] from 1830s Writings on Statecraft] from 1830s – early 20 early 20th century century „ Among the school: Among the school: Zhuang Cunyu, Liu Fenglu, Gong Zizhen, Wei Yuan, Lin Wei Yuan, Lin Zexu (1839, translations) (1839, translations) „ Wei Yuan: Proposal for maritime frontier defense Wei Yuan: Proposal for maritime frontier defense before the Opium War before the Opium War