工程科学学报，第41卷，第2期：143-158,2019年2月 Chinese Joural of Engineering,Vol.41,No.2:143-158,February 2019 DOI:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.02.001;http://journals.ustb.edu.cn 我国铜矿微生物浸出技术的研究进展 尹升华12)，王雷鸣2)，吴爱祥2)，陈勋2)，严荣富12)，齐炎12) 1)北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室，北京100083 2)北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院，北京100083 区通信作者，E-mail:usth_wm@126.com 摘要回顾了我国微生物浸出技术发展的历史进程，总结了我国开展生物浸铜技术的探索与应用进程，介绍了紫金山铜 矿、德兴铜矿两个典型的生物浸铜案例：探讨了浸矿细菌分离、鉴定与富集，生物浸出机理与界面反应，浸出体系多级渗流行 为，孔隙结构重构与定量化，浸出体系多场耦合与过程模拟，电子废弃物中的铜金属回收领域的主要进展.最后，结合生物浸 铜技术的当前进展，阐述了生物浸铜技术面临的环保、安全等方面的挑战与未来发展趋势，为今后该领域的研究提供良好借鉴. 关键词溶浸采矿；微生物浸出：矿石堆浸；溶液渗流；孔隙演化 分类号TG142.71 Progress of research in copper bioleaching technology in China YIN Sheng-hua'),WANG Lei-ming,WU Ai-xiang),CHEN Xun'),YAN Rong-fu),QI Yan'2) 1)Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines,University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083,China 2)School of Civil and Resources Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail:ustb_wlm@126.com ABSTRACT Mineral resources are the mainstay industries supporting the development of the national economy.Due to its excellent ductility,electrical and thermal conductivity,copper is widely used in construction,power,transportation,and manufacturing as an important strategic metal resource.According to statistics,in terms of output and consumption of ten kinds of non-ferrous metals such as copper,aluminum,and zinc,China has ranked first in the world for more than ten consecutive years.China's copper resources are poorly endowed,being low grade,highly ore-deficient,and of poor ore floatability;the use of conventional separation methods has been costly and caused serious environmental pollution due to difficulties with residue disposal.Bioleaching is a special mining technology that leaches and yields valuable metal elements from inside ores using leaching bacteria.Copper metal resources inside low-grade ores, waste ores,and boundary ores are recycled efficiently using bioleaching technology,which is efficient,and both environmentally- friendly and economical.Currently,more than a quarter of the world's copper production depends on this technology.However,the microbial copper leaching process has always been regarded as a"black box",being difficult to effectively monitor and regulate.This paper reviews the history of bioleaching technology in China,reviews those copper mines that have carried out exploration into or appli- cation of bioleaching technology,and introduces two typical copper bioleaching industrial cases,the Zijinshan and Dexing Copper Mines.This paper explores (a)the main process of isolation,identification and enrichment of leaching bacteria,(b)the bioleaching mechanism and interface reaction,(c)the multistage seepage behavior of leaching systems,(d)the reconstruction and quantification of pore structures,(e)the multi-field coupling and process simulation of leaching systems,and (f)copper metal recycling from waste printed circuit boards.Finally,along with the current status of copper bioleaching,major challenges such as environmental protection, 收稿日期：2018-01-19 基金项目：国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金资助项目(51722401)：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0600704):国家自然科学基金重 点资助项目(51734001)工程科学学报,第 41 卷,第 2 期:143鄄鄄158,2019 年 2 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering, Vol. 41, No. 2: 143鄄鄄158, February 2019 DOI: 10. 13374 / j. issn2095鄄鄄9389. 2019. 02. 001; http: / / journals. ustb. edu. cn 我国铜矿微生物浸出技术的研究进展 尹升华1,2) , 王雷鸣1,2) 苣 , 吴爱祥1,2) , 陈 勋1,2) , 严荣富1,2) , 齐 炎1,2) 1) 北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083 2) 北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院, 北京 100083 苣通信作者,E鄄mail: ustb_wlm@ 126. com 摘 要 回顾了我国微生物浸出技术发展的历史进程,总结了我国开展生物浸铜技术的探索与应用进程,介绍了紫金山铜 矿、德兴铜矿两个典型的生物浸铜案例;探讨了浸矿细菌分离、鉴定与富集,生物浸出机理与界面反应,浸出体系多级渗流行 为,孔隙结构重构与定量化,浸出体系多场耦合与过程模拟,电子废弃物中的铜金属回收领域的主要进展. 最后,结合生物浸 铜技术的当前进展,阐述了生物浸铜技术面临的环保、安全等方面的挑战与未来发展趋势,为今后该领域的研究提供良好借鉴. 关键词 溶浸采矿; 微生物浸出; 矿石堆浸; 溶液渗流; 孔隙演化 分类号 TG142郾 71 收稿日期: 2018鄄鄄01鄄鄄19 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金资助项目(51722401);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0600704);国家自然科学基金重 点资助项目(51734001) Progress of research in copper bioleaching technology in China YIN Sheng鄄hua 1,2) , WANG Lei鄄ming 1,2) 苣 , WU Ai鄄xiang 1,2) , CHEN Xun 1,2) , YAN Rong鄄fu 1,2) , QI Yan 1,2) 1) Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for High鄄Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 2) School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 苣Corresponding author, E鄄mail: ustb_wlm@ 126. com ABSTRACT Mineral resources are the mainstay industries supporting the development of the national economy. Due to its excellent ductility, electrical and thermal conductivity, copper is widely used in construction, power, transportation, and manufacturing as an important strategic metal resource. According to statistics, in terms of output and consumption of ten kinds of non鄄ferrous metals such as copper, aluminum, and zinc, China has ranked first in the world for more than ten consecutive years. China蒺s copper resources are poorly endowed, being low grade, highly ore鄄deficient, and of poor ore floatability; the use of conventional separation methods has been costly and caused serious environmental pollution due to difficulties with residue disposal. Bioleaching is a special mining technology that leaches and yields valuable metal elements from inside ores using leaching bacteria. Copper metal resources inside low鄄grade ores, waste ores, and boundary ores are recycled efficiently using bioleaching technology, which is efficient, and both environmentally鄄 friendly and economical. Currently, more than a quarter of the world爷 s copper production depends on this technology. However, the microbial copper leaching process has always been regarded as a “black box冶, being difficult to effectively monitor and regulate. This paper reviews the history of bioleaching technology in China, reviews those copper mines that have carried out exploration into or appli鄄 cation of bioleaching technology, and introduces two typical copper bioleaching industrial cases, the Zijinshan and Dexing Copper Mines. This paper explores (a) the main process of isolation, identification and enrichment of leaching bacteria, (b) the bioleaching mechanism and interface reaction, (c) the multistage seepage behavior of leaching systems, (d) the reconstruction and quantification of pore structures, (e) the multi鄄field coupling and process simulation of leaching systems, and (f) copper metal recycling from waste printed circuit boards. Finally, along with the current status of copper bioleaching, major challenges such as environmental protection