2.Migrations 2.1.from exiting industrial cities to emerging industrial cities At present,China has 45 cities and municipalities where disastrous land subsidence has occurred or is occurring.Some of the subsidence statuses are briefly summarized in Table 1.The total subsidence area is about 49,000 km2(Duan et al.,1993;Duan,1998).It is roughly estimated that the annual economic loss due to subsidence is greater than 100 million. 2. Migrations 2.1. from exiting industrial cities to emerging industrial cities At present, China has 45 cities and municipalities where disastrous land subsidence has occurred or is occurring. Some of the subsidence statuses are briefly summarized in Table 1. The total subsidence area is about 49,000 km2 (Duan et al., 1993; Duan, 1998). It is roughly estimated that the annual economic loss due to subsidence is greater than 100 million