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Fish Shellf Immuol, 1999, 9: 429-443 201994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreservedhttp://www.cnki.netof dietary intake of chitin on gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata L. ) innate immune system[J ] 1Fish Shellf Immunol , 2001 , 11 : 3032 3151 [ 6 ] Siwicki A K,Anderson D P , Rumsey GL1 Dietary intake of immu2 nostimulants by rainbow trout affects non2specific immunity and pro2 tection agaist furunculosis [J ]1Vet Immunol Immunopathpol , 1994 , 41 :12521391 [7 ] Esteban M A ,Mulero V , Cuesta A , et al1Effects of injecting chitin particles on the innate immune response of gilthead seabream ( Spa2 rus aurata L. ) [J ]1Fish Shellf Immunol , 2000 ,10 :54325541 [8 ] Cuesta A M ,Estrban A ,Meseguer J1 In vitro effect of chitin parti2 cles on the innate cellular immune system of gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata L. ) [J ]1Fish Shellf Immunol , 2003 ,15 :12111 [9 ] Clem L W ,Sizemore R C , Ellsaesser C F1 Monocytes as accessory cells in fish immune responses [J ]1 Dev Comp Immunol , 1985 ,9 : 80328091 [ 10 ] MacArthur J I ,Thomson A W ,Fletcher T C1 Aspects of leucocyte migration in the plaice , Pleuronectes platessa L. [J ]1J Fish Biol , 1985 ,27 :66726761 [11 ] Solem S T ,Jorgensen J B ,Robertsen B1 Stimulation of respiratory burst and phagocytic activity in Atlantic salmon( Salmo salar L1) macrophages by lipopolysaccharide [ J ] 1Fish Shellf Immunol , 1995 ,5 :47524911 [12 ] Kozinska A , Guz L1The effect of various Aeromoinas bestiarum vaccines on non2specific immune parameters and protection of carp ( Cyprinus carpio L. ) [J ]1Fish Shellf Immunol , 2004 ,16 :4372 4451 [13 ] Paulsen S ,Lunde H ,Engstad R E , et al1In vivo effects ofβ2glucan and LPS on regulation of lysozyme activity and mRNA expression in Atlantic salmon ( Samo salaar L. ) [J ]1Fish Shellf Immunol , 2003 ,14 :392541 [14 ] Salati F , Hamaguchi M , Kusuda R1Immune response of red sea bream to Edwardsiella tarda antigens [J ]1Fish Pathol ,1987 ,22 : 932981 [15 ] Nakhla A N ,Szalai A J ,Banoub J H , et al1 Serum anti2LPS anti2 body production by rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) in re2 sponse to the adminstration of free and liposomally incorporated LPS from Aeromonas salmonicida[J ]1Fish Shellf Immunol , 1997 , 7 :38724011 [16 ] Matsuo K,Miyazono I1 The influence of long2term administration of peptiglucan on disease resistance and immune response of rain2 bow trout [J ]1Nippon suisan gakkaishi ,1993 ,59 :137721379. [17 ] Itami T ,Londo M ,Uozu M , et al1 Enhancement of resistance against Enterococcus seriolicida infection in yellowtail , Seriola quinqueradiata , by oral administration of peptidoglucan derived from Bifidobacterium thermophilum [J ] 1J Fish Dis , 1996 , 19 : 18521871 [18 ] Kono T ,Watanuli H ,Sakai M1The activation of interleukin 2Ⅰin serum of carp , Cyprinus carpio ,injected with peptidoglucan [J ]1 Aquac ,2002 , 212 :12101 [19 ] Engstad R E , Robertsen B , Frivold E1 Yeast glucan induces in2 crease in activity of lysozyme and complement2mediated haemolytic activity in Atlantic salmon blood [J ]1Fish Shellf Immunol , 1992 , 2 :28722971 [20 ] Baulny M O D ,Ouentel C ,Fournier V , et al1 Effect of long term oral administration ofβ2glucan as an immunostimulant or an adju2 vant on some non2specifc parameters of the immune response of turbot Scophthalmus maximus [J ]1Dis Aquat Organism , 1996 ,6 : 13921471 [21 ] Castro R ,Couso N ,Obach A , et al1 Effect of differentβ2glucans on the respiratory burst of turbot ( Psetta maxima) and gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata) phagocytes [J ] 1Fish Shellf Immunol , 1999 ,9 :52925411 [22 ] Ortuno J ,Cuesta A ,Todriguez A , et al1 Oral administration of ye2 ast , Sacharomyces cerevisiae ,enhances the cellular innate immune response of gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata L. ) [J ]1Vet Immu2 nol Immuopathol , 2002 , 85 :412501 [23 ] Verlhac V , Gabaudan J , Obach A , et al1Influence of dietary glu2 can and vitamin C on non2specific and specific immune responses of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus nykiss) [J ] 1 Aquac , 1996 , 143 :12321331 [ 24 ] Duncan P L ,Klesius P H1 Dietary immunostimulants enhance non2 specific immune responses in channel catfish but not resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri [J ]1J Aquat Anim Health ,1996 ,8 :24122481 [25 ] Sahoo P K,Mukherjee S C1 The effect of dietary immunomodula2 tion upon Edwardsiella taarda vaccination in healthy and immuno2 compromised Indian major carp ( Labeo rohita) [J ] 1Fish Shellf Immunol , 2002 ,12 :12161 [26 ] Sahoo P K,Mukherjee S C1 Effect of dietaryβ21 ,32glucan on im2 mune responese and disease resistance of healthy and aflatoxin B12 induced immunocompromised rohu ( Labeo rohita Hamilton) [J ]1 Fish Shellf Immunol ,2001 ,11 :68326951 [27 ] Aakre R ,Wergeland H I ,Aasjord P1 Enhanced antibody response in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L1) to Aeromonas salmonicida cell wall antigens using a bacterin containingβ21 ,32M2glucan as adjuvant [J ]1Fish Shellf Immunol , 1994 ,4 :472611 [28 ] Robertsen B ,Rerstad G ,Engstad R1Enhancement of non2specific diease resistance in Atlantic salmon , Salmo salar L. ,By a glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls[J ] .J Fish Dis ,1990 ,13 : 39124001 [29 ] Toranzo A E ,Devesa S ,Romalde J L , et al1Efficacy of intraperito2 neal and immersion vaccination against Enterococcus sp1infection in turbot [J ]1Aquac ,1995 ,134 :172271 [30 ] Li Y,Lovell R T. Elevated levels of dietary ascorbic acid increase immune responses in rainbow trout [J ] 1J Nutr , 1985 ,115 : 1232 1311 [31 ] Hardie L J ,Fletcher T C ,Secombes C J1The effect of dietary vita2 min C on the immune response of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) [J ]1Aquac ,1991 ,95(2) :20122141 [32 ] Ortuno J ,Esteban M A ,Meseguer J1 Effect of high dietary intake of vitamin C on non2specific immune response of gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata L. ) [J ]1Fish Shellf Immunol , 1999 ,9 :42924431 843 吉 林 农 业 大 学 学 报 2005 年