In 1997 rituximab,the first antibody homa Since this a alemtuzumab (2001). ofatumumab (2009)and ipilimumab (2011). n2002 电5eo部amdm9 ously adminis traction with appropriate stimulatory cytokines. with both nti-CTIA-4 and anti-PD-1 一oo西some时 later.Son atients kep onding after the antibody had been di prostate The first cell-ba rapy cancer vaccine,sipuleucel-T,was approved in 2010 for the After success harves cells ,expanding them in the lab and reinfusing them This technique is a personalized treatment that involves genetically modifying each patient'scetota cllsuc e remission nriuhu By mid 2016 the FDA had approved one PD-L1 inhibitor(atezolizumab)and two PD-1 inhibitors (nivolumab and pembrolizumab). Cellular immunotherapy Dendritic cell therapy Dendritic cell therapy provokes anti-tumor responses by causing dendritic cells to present tumor antigens to lymphocytes,which m,priming them to other cells that pres the antigen ce APCS) f the immune system id igens is by Blood cells are tem oved omthe body PpaCepOeare'ofemgemnconmbiaionwithajvantshighly immunogenic substances)to increase the immune and anti-tumor responses.Other adjuvants include prote ns or oth r chemicals tha (GM-CSP) such as granulocyte macrophage be ach virus that expres sses GM-CSE aoacolyb dendritic cells f outside the peptide/protein or a tumor cell lysate (asolution of broken down tumor cells).These cells(with optional adjuvants)are infused and provoke an immune response