National Library of Medicine and Index Medicus, respectively; cover all areas of biomedicine). These networks provide on-line service and their data bases can be accessed rom personal computers in the office, laboratory, or library. Some of the computer bibliography services are freeware on the Internet, but others have user fees. For example, MEDLINE(PubMed) produced by the National library of Medicine, available http://www.ncbi.nimnih.govl,maybeusedfreeofcharge Web directories, tools, and databases Biochemical research generates huge amounts of data of interest to all scientists. For example, thousands of genes and proteins have been sequenced during the past several years and thousands more will be sequenced in the future. This number is being greatly expanded by the human Genome Project, which has as its goal the sequencing of the entire human genome. In addition, determining the structures of proteins by X-ray diffraction and by NMR has become routine. Sequence and structural data are now being stored in computer networks for retrieval by biochemists throughout the world. Here, we will discuss the many biological databases and provide examples of their use Our approach will be to focus on the use of databases readily available, free of charge, on the Web. However, it is important to recognize that many commercial hardware and software systems for analyzing biological database are available but they often very expensive and complicated to use. A wide variety of databases are currently available including bibliographic, nucleic acid sequence, protein sequence and structure, metabolic pathways, transcription factors, enzymes, and many others. One of the best ways to find the resources suited to your needs is to use a directory that collects lists of information, tools, and other services. Several very good ones are available(Table El. 1 ) Some of these sites are hyperlinked to the database sites. This experiment will introduce you to some of the more general and useful sites. Specifically they will include protein primary, secondary, and tertiary structure, sequence homology, sequence alignment, and structure prediction. The Web addresses for these resources are listed in Table El. 2. Because of the huge amount of data available, it is often necessary to use programs to help you analyze the data. Table E1. 3 lists several software programs that are available and usually hyperlinked to the database sites. Those that we will introduce in this experiment are FASTA(protein amino acid sequences), BLAST(comparing protein sequence data), RasMol or Ras Mac(coordinates for protein structure manipulation), Chime(protein structure coordinates), SWISs-MODEL(protein modeling)h, VAST(prote structure similarities), and Molecules R Us(protein structure coordinates)301 National Library of Medicine and Index Medicus, respectively; cover all areas of biomedicine). These networks provide on-line service and their databases can be accessed from personal computers in the office, laboratory, or library. Some of the computer bibliography services are freeware on the Internet, but others have user fees. For example, MEDLINE(PubMed) produced by the National Library of Medicine, available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, may be used free of charge. Web directories, tools, and databases Biochemical research generates huge amounts of data of interest to all scientists. For example, thousands of genes and proteins have been sequenced during the past several years and thousands more will be sequenced in the future. This number is being greatly expanded by the Human Genome Project, which has as its goal the sequencing of the entire human genome. In addition, determining the structures of proteins by X-ray diffraction and by NMR has become routine. Sequence and structural data are now being stored in computer networks for retrieval by biochemists throughout the world. Here, we will discuss the many biological databases and provide examples of their use. Our approach will be to focus on the use of databases readily available, free of charge, on the Web. However, it is important to recognize that many commercial hardware and software systems for analyzing biological database are available, but they often very expensive and complicated to use. A wide variety of databases are currently available including bibliographic, nucleic acid sequence, protein sequence and structure, metabolic pathways, transcription factors, enzymes, and many others. One of the best ways to find the resources suited to your needs is to use a directory that collects lists of information, tools, and other services. Several very good ones are available(Table E1.1). Some of these sites are hyperlinked to the database sites. This experiment will introduce you to some of the more general and useful sites. Specifically, they will include protein primary, secondary, and tertiary structure, sequence homology, sequence alignment, and structure prediction. The Web addresses for these resources are listed in Table E1.2. Because of the huge amount of data available, it is often necessary to use programs to help you analyze the data. Table E1.3 lists several software programs that are available and usually hyperlinked to the database sites. Those that we will introduce in this experiment are FASTA(protein amino acid sequences), BLAST(comparing protein sequence data), RasMol or RasMac(coordinates for protein structure manipulation), Chime(protein structure coordinates), SWISS-MODEL(protein modeling), VAST(protein structure similarities), and Molecules R Us(protein structure coordinates)