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第36卷第6期 北京科技大学学报 Vol.36 No.6 2014年6月 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Jun.2014 镍铁矿选择性还原焙烧相变研究 阮书锋,王成彦四,王振文,尹飞,袁文挥 北京矿治研究总院,北京100160 ☒通信作者,E-mail:wchy3207@sina.com 摘要对镍铁矿原料及不同温度还原培砂进行矿物学研究,探究镍铁矿选择性还原培烧发生的相变.研究结果表明:镍铁 矿主要金属矿物为褐铁矿,其次为赤铁矿;Ni在不含锰的铁矿物中分布较均匀,而在含Mn的铁矿物中分布相对集中,并与M 伴生.镍铁矿在还原焙烧过程中F、Ni和Co随温度升高逐渐发生还原、相转化和迁移富集的过程.选择性还原培烧必须严格 控制培烧温度,要达到Ni、Co和Fe的选择性还原并形成Ni高、Fe低的合金相和磁铁矿,培烧温度采用750℃较合适,在该温 度下形成的合金相组成为55.55%Ni、9.86%Co及33.99%Fe,Ni的金属转化率为88.49%,铁氧化物主要为磁铁矿. 关键词红土镍矿:矿石还原:矿石培烧:相变:镍治金:钴治金 分类号TF815;TF551 Mineral phase transformation study of catarinite selective reduction roasting RUAN Shu-feng,WANG Cheng-yan,WANG Zhen-0en,YIN Fei,YUAN Wen-hui Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,Beijing 100160,China Corresponding author,E-mail:wchy3207@sina.com ABSTRACT Mineralogical studies on catarinite raw ore and reduced samples at different temperatures were carried out,and phase transformation was explored in the catarinite selective reduction roasting process.The results show that the main metal minerals in the catarinite are limonite and then hematite.The distribution of Ni in Mn-free iron minerals is relatively homogeneous,but it is relatively concentrated in Mn-contained iron minerals,and Ni is associated with Mn.Reduction,phase transformation,migration and enrichment of Fe,Ni and Co gradually occur in the process of catarinite reduction roasting with increasing temperature,so the selective reduction roasting temperature should be controlled strictly.To reduce Ni,Co and Fe selectively and form a more Ni and less Fe alloy phase and magnetite,750 C is a proper roasting temperature,at which the formed alloy phase contains Ni of 55.55%,Co of 9.86%and Fe of 33.99%averagely,the metal conversion rate of Ni is 88.49%,and the iron oxide is mainly magnetite. KEY WORDS nickeliferous laterite:ore reduction:ore roasting:phase transitions:nickel metallurgy:cobalt metallurgy 镍铁矿是红土镍矿的一种,含Fe高,含Si和 然红土镍矿还原焙烧已经在国内外得到了工业应 Mg低-刀.关于这类矿石的处理工艺,最早得以工 用,但有关镍铁矿选择性还原焙烧的相变研究还较 业应用的是还原焙烧一氨浸工艺,先后在古巴尼加 少s-.本研究重点研究了温度对镍铁矿选择性还 罗(Nicaro)冶炼厂、澳大利亚昆士兰州Townsville镍 原焙烧相变的影响. 治炼厂、菲律宾的Marinduque治炼厂和中国青海元 石山镍治炼厂分别得以应用B-).该工艺的关键工 1实验 序是选择性还原焙烧,选择性的好坏直接决定N和 1.1实验原料 Co的总回收率.所谓选择性还原焙烧,即将Ni和 本实验所采用镍铁矿的主要化学组成(质量分 Co完全还原成金属态,Fe还原成Fe,O,态6-刀.虽 数,%)为:Fe,38.24;Ni,0.98;Co,0.072;Mg0, 收稿日期:201304-一7 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(51274044,U1302274) DOI:10.13374/j.issn1001-053x.2014.06.006:http://journals.ustb.edu.cn第 36 卷 第 6 期 2014 年 6 月 北京科技大学学报 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol. 36 No. 6 Jun. 2014 镍铁矿选择性还原焙烧相变研究 阮书锋,王成彦,王振文,尹 飞,袁文辉 北京矿冶研究总院,北京 100160  通信作者,E-mail: wchy3207@ sina. com 摘 要 对镍铁矿原料及不同温度还原焙砂进行矿物学研究,探究镍铁矿选择性还原焙烧发生的相变. 研究结果表明: 镍铁 矿主要金属矿物为褐铁矿,其次为赤铁矿; Ni 在不含锰的铁矿物中分布较均匀,而在含 Mn 的铁矿物中分布相对集中,并与 Mn 伴生. 镍铁矿在还原焙烧过程中 Fe、Ni 和 Co 随温度升高逐渐发生还原、相转化和迁移富集的过程. 选择性还原焙烧必须严格 控制焙烧温度,要达到 Ni、Co 和 Fe 的选择性还原并形成 Ni 高、Fe 低的合金相和磁铁矿,焙烧温度采用 750 ℃ 较合适,在该温 度下形成的合金相组成为 55. 55% Ni、9. 86% Co 及 33. 99% Fe,Ni 的金属转化率为 88. 49% ,铁氧化物主要为磁铁矿. 关键词 红土镍矿; 矿石还原; 矿石焙烧; 相变; 镍冶金; 钴冶金 分类号 TF815; TF551 Mineral phase transformation study of catarinite selective reduction roasting RUAN Shu-feng,WANG Cheng-yan ,WANG Zhen-wen,YIN Fei,YUAN Wen-hui Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,Beijing 100160,China  Corresponding author,E-mail: wchy3207@ sina. com ABSTRACT Mineralogical studies on catarinite raw ore and reduced samples at different temperatures were carried out,and phase transformation was explored in the catarinite selective reduction roasting process. The results show that the main metal minerals in the catarinite are limonite and then hematite. The distribution of Ni in Mn-free iron minerals is relatively homogeneous,but it is relatively concentrated in Mn-contained iron minerals,and Ni is associated with Mn. Reduction,phase transformation,migration and enrichment of Fe,Ni and Co gradually occur in the process of catarinite reduction roasting with increasing temperature,so the selective reduction roasting temperature should be controlled strictly. To reduce Ni,Co and Fe selectively and form a more Ni and less Fe alloy phase and magnetite,750 ℃ is a proper roasting temperature,at which the formed alloy phase contains Ni of 55. 55% ,Co of 9. 86% and Fe of 33. 99% averagely,the metal conversion rate of Ni is 88. 49% ,and the iron oxide is mainly magnetite. KEY WORDS nickeliferous laterite; ore reduction; ore roasting; phase transitions; nickel metallurgy; cobalt metallurgy 收稿日期: 2013--04--17 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目( 51274044,U1302274) DOI: 10. 13374 /j. issn1001--053x. 2014. 06. 006; http: / /journals. ustb. edu. cn 镍铁矿是红土镍矿的一种,含 Fe 高,含 Si 和 Mg 低[1 - 2]. 关于这类矿石的处理工艺,最早得以工 业应用的是还原焙烧--氨浸工艺,先后在古巴尼加 罗( Nicaro) 冶炼厂、澳大利亚昆士兰州 Townsville 镍 冶炼厂、菲律宾的 Marinduque 冶炼厂和中国青海元 石山镍冶炼厂分别得以应用[3 - 5]. 该工艺的关键工 序是选择性还原焙烧,选择性的好坏直接决定 Ni 和 Co 的总回收率. 所谓选择性还原焙烧,即将 Ni 和 Co 完全还原成金属态,Fe 还原成 Fe3O4态[6 - 7]. 虽 然红土镍矿还原焙烧已经在国内外得到了工业应 用,但有关镍铁矿选择性还原焙烧的相变研究还较 少[8 - 16]. 本研究重点研究了温度对镍铁矿选择性还 原焙烧相变的影响. 1 实验 1. 1 实验原料 本实验所采用镍铁矿的主要化学组成( 质量分 数,% ) 为: Fe,38. 24; Ni,0. 98; Co,0. 072; MgO
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