Aerospace engineers design vehicles that operate in the atmosphere and in space.It is a diverse and rapidly changing field that includes four major technology areas:aerodynamics,structures and materials,flight and orbital mechanics and control,and propulsion.Aerospace engineers help design and build high-performance flight vehicles(e.g.,aircraft,missiles,and spacecraft)as well as automobiles.Also,aerospace engineers confront problems associated with wind effects on buildings,air pollution,and other atmosphere phenomena. 1.5.7 Material Engineering Material engineers are concerned with obtaining the materials required by modern society. Material engineers may be further classified as: Geological engineers,who study rocks,soils,and geological formations to find valuable ores and petroleum reserves. Mining engineers,who extract ores such as coal,iron,and tin. Petroleum engineers,who find,produce,and transport oil and natural gas. Ceramic engineers,who produce ceramic (i.e.,nonmetallic mineral)products. Plastics engineers,who produce plastic products. Metallurgical engineers,who produce metal products from ores or create metal alloys with superior properties. Material science engineers,who study the fundamental science behind the properties(e.g., strength,corrosion resistance,conductivity)of material. 1.5.8 Agricultural Engineering Agricultural engineering help farmers efficiently produce food and fiber.This discipline was born with the McCormick reaper.Since then,agricultural engineers have developed many other farm implements (tractors,plows,choppers,etc.)to reduce farm labor requirements.Modern agriculture engineers apply knowledge of mechanics,hydrology,computers,electronics, chemistry,and biology to solve agricultural problems.Agricultural engineers may specialize in: food and biochemical engineering;water and environmental quality;machine and energy systems;and food,feed,and fiber processing. 1.5.9 Nuclear Engineering Nuclear engineers design systems that employ nuclear energy,such as nuclear power plants, nuclear ships (e.g.,submarines and aircraft carriers),and unclear spacecraft.Some nuclear engineers are involved with nuclear medicine;other are working on the design of fusion reactors that potentially will generate limitless energy with minimal environmental damage. 1.5.10 Architectural Engineering Architectural engineers combine the engineer's knowledge of structures,materials,and acoustics with the architect's knowledge of building esthetics and functionality. 1.5.11 Biomedical Engineering Biomedical engineers combine traditional engineering fields(mechanical,electrical,chemical, and industrial)with medicine and human physiology.They develop prosthetic devices (e.g., artificial limbs),artificial kidneys,pacemakers,and artificial hearts.Recent developments willAerospace engineers design vehicles that operate in the atmosphere and in space. It is a diverse and rapidly changing field that includes four major technology areas: aerodynamics, structures and materials, flight and orbital mechanics and control, and propulsion. Aerospace engineers help design and build high-performance flight vehicles (e.g., aircraft, missiles, and spacecraft) as well as automobiles. Also, aerospace engineers confront problems associated with wind effects on buildings, air pollution, and other atmosphere phenomena. 1.5.7 Material Engineering Material engineers are concerned with obtaining the materials required by modern society. Material engineers may be further classified as: · Geological engineers, who study rocks, soils, and geological formations to find valuable ores and petroleum reserves. · Mining engineers, who extract ores such as coal, iron, and tin. · Petroleum engineers, who find, produce, and transport oil and natural gas. · Ceramic engineers, who produce ceramic (i.e., nonmetallic mineral) products. · Plastics engineers, who produce plastic products. · Metallurgical engineers, who produce metal products from ores or create metal alloys with superior properties. · Material science engineers, who study the fundamental science behind the properties (e.g., strength, corrosion resistance, conductivity) of material. 1.5.8 Agricultural Engineering Agricultural engineering help farmers efficiently produce food and fiber. This discipline was born with the McCormick reaper. Since then, agricultural engineers have developed many other farm implements (tractors, plows, choppers, etc.) to reduce farm labor requirements. Modern agriculture engineers apply knowledge of mechanics, hydrology, computers, electronics, chemistry, and biology to solve agricultural problems. Agricultural engineers may specialize in: food and biochemical engineering; water and environmental quality; machine and energy systems; and food, feed, and fiber processing. 1.5.9 Nuclear Engineering Nuclear engineers design systems that employ nuclear energy, such as nuclear power plants, nuclear ships (e.g., submarines and aircraft carriers), and unclear spacecraft. Some nuclear engineers are involved with nuclear medicine; other are working on the design of fusion reactors that potentially will generate limitless energy with minimal environmental damage. 1.5.10 Architectural Engineering Architectural engineers combine the engineer’s knowledge of structures, materials, and acoustics with the architect’s knowledge of building esthetics and functionality. 1.5.11 Biomedical Engineering Biomedical engineers combine traditional engineering fields (mechanical, electrical, chemical, and industrial) with medicine and human physiology. They develop prosthetic devices (e.g., artificial limbs), artificial kidneys, pacemakers, and artificial hearts. Recent developments will