苗希望等：典型铁合金渣的资源化综合利用研究现状与发展趋势 675· 响.因此，具有高结晶度的块状铁合金渣可以作为 以大力推广使用. 不同粒级骨料用于路基材料和免烧透水砖，而且， 综合以上典型铁合金渣的主要用途，对其主 该途径固废消纳量高，可操作性强，实用性强，可 要的优势以及存在的问题作了总结，如表4所示 表4典型铁合金渣用于多种产品的优势及问题 Table 4 Advantages and problems of products prepared by some ferroalloy slags Industrializ Product Slag Advantage Problem Standard ation feasibility Large dosage (40%-60%);high Silicon-manganese The reaction in the early stage of slag;Blast furnace activity;low water demand and hydration is slow and the intensity is Admixture Nickel-ironslag Medium small hydration heat;small volume expansion and small low.In the later stage of hydration,the low-carbon chrome- possibility of powdering;mature reaction is fast and the intensity is YB/T Cememnt iron slag technology high.The setting time is longer. 4229-20 Simple 10 Electric furnace nickel- Relatively large dosage (15%- Cement products have low activity Raw meal iron slag;High-carbon 30%);reducing the amount of and require the use of large amounts of adjuvants.The market acceptance chrome-iron slag free CaO in clinker is low Silicon-manganese slag,Large amount (30%-60%); The MgO content is high,and the long- Blast furnace nickel- term stability of the concrete is reducing water consumption and potentially dangerous.The particle Admixture iron slag;Medium improving fluidity;improving size of the raw material is small,and YB/T low-carbon chrome- the density of aggregate-slurry the possibility of heavy metal 4229. Concrete iron slag transition area;strong operability elements leaching is high. 2010JIS Simple High hardness and good abrasion Electric furnace nickel- resistance;no need for ultra-fine If the content of glass phase is high, A5011- 2-2003 iron slag;High-carbon processing and high operability: the expansion of concrete may be Aggregate chrome-iron slag caused by the strong alkali silica making up for the shortage of reaction. raw materials such as river sand No high temperature sintering and hydration reactions are Silicon-manganese slag, The gel needs to be thermally cured at required,and the preparation Blast furnace nickel- high pH values,which is not difficult method is simple.There is no Geopolymer iron slag;Medium transition area of ordinary in actual operation.It is necessary to No develop simple and efficient solid Simple low-carbon chrome- cement concrete.The three- activators to replace highly alkaline iron slag dimensional network structure gel makes the corrosion resistance solutions; stronger. The combination of product Due to the difference in composition Silicon-manganese slag, Blast/electric furnace preparation and slag sensible and temperature,the slag viscosity heat recovery has the advantages and acidity match fluctuate greatly Inorganic mineral fiber nickel-iron slag,Medium of low cost and low energy The high MgO and Al2O;of high No Moderate low/high carbon carbon ferrochrome slag and electric chrome-iron slag consumption;It is widely used and has high added value. furnace nickel iron slag make the viscosity difficult to control. It is prepared by high-temperature melting method with high energy Silicon-manganese High fluctuation range of raw consumption,and the energy slag;Blast/electric material composition,use with a consumption is high.The procedure is furnace nickel-iron relatively complicated and the Glass ceramic slag;Medium low/ variety of ferroalloy slag;high No Moderate degree of solid waste utilization preparation time is long.It will take a high carbon chrome- iron slag (50%-80%),high marketacceptance long time to observe whether the stability problems of powdered glass and other glass ceramics have been used for a long time. The requirements for raw material Silicon-manganese The porous structure increases composition and firing system are slag;Electric furnace the density of the aggregate relatively strict to ensure the best Artificial light aggregate nickel-iron slag;High- slurry.The water absorption is small,which is conducive to later balance of pores and liquid phase.The No Simple carbon chrome-iron strength is relatively limited,and it is slag stability.Large amount of solid waste doping (60%-80%). relatively lagging behind for structural engineering research. Easier formation of forsterite Affected by products and processes, phase and spinel phase because the magnesium and aluminum content Electric furnace nickel-of the high content of magnesium fluctuates greatly,which causes Refractory material iron slag;High-carbon and aluminum;variety of trouble for actual operation.After No Moderate chrome-iron slag products;high degree of solid being corroded by gas and liquid for a waste utilization and large added long time,heavy metals are easily value of products dissolved out and cause pollution.响. 因此，具有高结晶度的块状铁合金渣可以作为 不同粒级骨料用于路基材料和免烧透水砖，而且， 该途径固废消纳量高，可操作性强，实用性强，可 以大力推广使用. 综合以上典型铁合金渣的主要用途，对其主 要的优势以及存在的问题作了总结，如表 4 所示. 表 4 典型铁合金渣用于多种产品的优势及问题 Table 4 Advantages and problems of products prepared by some ferroalloy slags Product Slag Advantage Problem Standard Industrializ ation feasibility Cememnt Admixture Silicon-manganese slag;  Blast  furnace Nickel-iron slag; Medium & low-carbon chrome￾iron slag Large dosage (40%−60%); high activity; low water demand and small  hydration  heat;  small volume  expansion  and  small possibility of powdering; mature technology The reaction in the early stage of hydration is slow and the intensity is low. In the later stage of hydration, the reaction is fast and the intensity is high. The setting time is longer. YB/T 4229―20 10 Simple Raw meal Electric furnace nickel￾iron slag; High-carbon chrome-iron slag Relatively large dosage (15%− 30%); reducing the amount of free CaO in clinker Cement products have low activity and require the use of large amounts of adjuvants. The market acceptance is low. Concrete Admixture Silicon-manganese slag; Blast furnace nickel￾iron slag; Medium & low-carbon  chrome￾iron slag Large  amount  (30%−60%); reducing water consumption and improving fluidity; improving the density of aggregate-slurry transition area; strong operability The MgO content is high, and the long￾term  stability  of  the  concrete  is potentially dangerous. The particle size of the raw material is small, and the  possibility  of  heavy  metal elements leaching is high. YB/T 4229- 2010JIS A5011- 2―2003 Simple Aggregate Electric furnace nickel￾iron slag; High-carbon chrome-iron slag High hardness and good abrasion resistance; no need for ultra-fine processing and high operability; making up for the shortage of raw materials such as river sand If the content of glass phase is high, the expansion of concrete may be caused  by  the  strong  alkali  silica reaction. Geopolymer Silicon-manganese slag; Blast furnace nickel￾iron slag; Medium & low-carbon  chrome￾iron slag No high temperature sintering and  hydration  reactions  are required,  and  the  preparation method is simple. There is no transition  area  of  ordinary cement  concrete.  The  three￾dimensional network structure gel makes the corrosion resistance stronger. The gel needs to be thermally cured at high pH values, which is not difficult in actual operation.It is necessary to develop simple and efficient solid activators to replace highly alkaline solutions; No Simple Inorganic mineral fiber Silicon-manganese slag; Blast/electric furnace nickel-iron slag; Medium &  low/high  carbon chrome-iron slag The  combination  of  product preparation  and  slag  sensible heat recovery has the advantages of  low  cost  and  low  energy consumption; It is widely used and has high added value. Due to the difference in composition and temperature, the slag viscosity and acidity match fluctuate greatly. The high MgO and Al2O3 of high carbon ferrochrome slag and electric furnace  nickel  iron  slag  make  the viscosity difficult to control. No Moderate Glass ceramic Silicon-manganese slag;  Blast/electric furnace  nickel-iron slag; Medium & low/ high carbon chrome￾iron slag High fluctuation range of raw material composition;use with a variety of ferroalloy slag; high degree of solid waste utilization (50%‒80%); high market acceptance It is prepared by high-temperature melting  method  with  high  energy consumption,  and  the  energy consumption is high. The procedure is relatively  complicated  and  the preparation time is long. It will take a long  time  to  observe  whether  the stability problems of powdered glass and other glass ceramics have been used for a long time. No Moderate Artificial light aggregate Silicon-manganese slag; Electric furnace nickel-iron slag; High￾carbon  chrome-iron slag The porous structure increases the  density  of  the  aggregate slurry. The water absorption is small, which is conducive to later stability. Large amount of solid waste doping (60%‒80%). The requirements for raw material composition and firing system are relatively strict to ensure the best balance of pores and liquid phase. The strength is relatively limited, and it is relatively lagging behind for structural engineering research. No Simple Refractory material Electric furnace nickel￾iron slag; High-carbon chrome-iron slag Easier  formation  of  forsterite phase and spinel phase because of the high content of magnesium and  aluminum;  variety  of products; high degree of solid waste utilization and large added value of products Affected by products and processes, the magnesium and aluminum content fluctuates  greatly,  which  causes trouble  for  actual  operation.After being corroded by gas and liquid for a long time, heavy metals are easily dissolved out and cause pollution. No Moderate 苗希望等： 典型铁合金渣的资源化综合利用研究现状与发展趋势 · 675 ·