xvi Contents 5.0 ADVANTAGES OF RSM 5. 1 Maximum Information from Experiments 169 5.2 Forces One To plan 170 5. 3 Know How Long Project Will Take 5.4 Interaction Between Variables 5.5 Multiple Responses 171 5.6 Design Data 171 6.0 DISADVANTAGES OF RSM 174 7.0 POTENTIAL DIFFICULTIES WITH RSM 174 7. 1 Correlation Coefficient 7. 2 Regression Coefficients 7.3 Standard Error of the Regression Coefficient…………176 7. 4 Computed T value 177 7.5 Standard Error of the Estimate 7. 6 analysis of variance 8.0 METHODS TO IMPROVE THE RSM MODEL 9.0 SUMMARY… REFERENCES 5 Agitation.....……181 James Y Oldshue 1.0 THEORY AND CONCEPTS 2.0 PUMPING CAPACITY AND FLUID SHEAR RATES 132 3.0 MIXERS AND IMPELLERS 183 1 Fluidfoil Impellers 191 4.0 BAFFLES 5.0 FLUID SHEAR RATES 203 5.1 Particles 206 5.2 Impeller Power Consumption 5.3 Mass Transfer Characteristics of Fluidfoil Impellers..217 6.0 FULL-SCALE PLANT DESIGN 6. 1 Some General Relationships in Large Scale Mixers Compared to Small Scale mixers 219 6. 2 Scale-Up Based on Data from Existing 22 6.3 Data Based on Pilot Plant Work 6. 4 Sulfite Oxidation Data 6.5 Oxygen Uptake Rate in the Broth 6.6 Some General Concepts 6.7 Reverse Rotation dual Power Impellers 228 7.0 FULL SCALE PROCESS EXAMPLE 229 8.0 THE ROLE OF CELL CONCENTRATION ON MASS TRANSFER RATE 231mi Contents 5.0 ADVANTAGES OF RSM ................................................ 168 5.1 Maximum Information from Experiments .................... 169 5.2 Forces One To Plan ..................................................... 170 5.3 Know How Long Project Will Take ............................. 170 5.4 Interaction Between Variables ..................................... 170 5.5 Multiple Responses ............................... 5.6 Design Data .......................................... 6.0 DISADVANTAGES OF RSM .................... 7.0 POTENTIAL DIFFICULTIES WITH RSM ...................... 174 7.1 Correlation Coefficient ................................................ 176 7.2 Regression Coefficients ........................................ 7.3 Standard Error of the Regression Coefficient ............... 176 7.4 Computed T Value ....................................... 7.5 Standard Error of the Estimate ..................... 7.6 Analysis of Variance ................................................... 177 8.0 METHODS TO IMPROVE THE RSM MODEL .............. 178 9.0 SUMMARY ..................... ................................... 179 REFERENCES ..................... .................... 179 5 Agitation ....................... .............. ....................... 181 James I: Oldshue 1 . 0 THEORY AND CONCEPTS ......................... 2.0 PUMPING CAPACITY AND FLUID SHEAR RATES .... 182 3.0 MIXERS AND IMPELLERS ................... 183 3.1 Fluidfoil Impellers ...................................................... 191 4.0 BAFFLES ................................................................... 201 5.0 FLUID SHEAR RATES ........................... 5.1 Particles .................................................................. 206 5.2 Impeller Power Consumption ...... ............................ 207 5.3 Mass Transfer Characteristics of idfoil Impellers .... 217 6.1 Some General Relationships in Large Scale Mixers Compared to Small Scale Mixers ............................. 6.2 Scale-up Based on Data from Existing Production Plant ........................... ................... 220 6.3 Data Based on Pilot Plant Work ............... .. 223 6.4 Sulfite Oxidation Data ................................................. 226 6.5 Oxygen Uptake Rate in the Broth ......... ................... 227 227 6.7 Reverse Rotation Dual Power Impellers ....................... 228 .............. 229 ................... 231 6.0 FULL-SCALE PLANT DESIGN ................................ 6.6 Some General Concepts ................................. 7.0 FULL SCALE PROCESS EXAMPLE ......... 8.0 THE ROLE OF CELL CONCENTRATION MASS TRANSFER RATE