国生 Pastes 国生一 Rigid foams Pastes are basically ointments into which a high Foams are systems in which air or other gas percentage of insoluble particulate solids have is emulsified in a liquid phase to the point been added-as much or more than 25%by of stiffening. weight in some instances. The solids containing in the pastes can absorb and neutralize certain noxious chemicals before they ever reach the skin. 国话t线一Commonnof mid ©生一Commonnofms ⊕Oleaginous bases ©Emulsion base ·0月 ·ydrocarbon烃类 Stearic acid,paraffin,beewax,Stearyl ·Vaselin凡士林 alcohols,Liquid paraffin,vaselin,vegetable ·Paraffin石蜡and liquid paraffin oil ·Esters类脂 ·Water ·Wool fat羊毛脂 .Water,glycerin,propylene glycol,sorbitol ·Beeswax蜂蜡and spermaceti鲸蜡 Emulsifiers ·Vegetable oil Soap,Sodium lauryl sulfate,Alcohols and ·Dimethicones二甲硅油 esters,Polyesters.... 圈t笔Comm onofsemis 国秋生 ©Water soluble bases Formulation design of semisolid PEGs having average molecular weight below Therapeutic stratification of the skin 600 are clear,colorless liquids,those with molecular weight above 1000 are waxlike with Physicochemical property of active ingredient materials. ·Property of base 33 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Pastes Pastes are basically ointments into which a high percentage of insoluble particulate solids have been added—as much or more than 25% by weight in some instances. The solids containing in the pastes can absorb and neutralize certain noxious chemicals before they ever reach the skin. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Rigid foams Foams are systems in which air or other gas is emulsified in a liquid phase to the point of stiffening. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Common constituents of semisolids Oleaginous bases • Hydrocarbon烃类 • Vaselin 凡士林 • Paraffin 石蜡and liquid paraffin • Esters 类脂 • Wool fat 羊毛脂 • Beeswax蜂蜡 and spermaceti鲸蜡 • Vegetable oil • Dimethicones 二甲硅油 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Common constituents of semisolids Emulsion base • Oil • Stearic acid, paraffin, beewax, Stearyl alcohols, Liquid paraffin, vaselin, vegetable oil • Water • Water, glycerin, propylene glycol, sorbitol • Emulsifiers • Soap, Sodium lauryl sulfate, Alcohols and esters, Polyesters…. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Common constituents of semisolids Water soluble bases • PEGs having average molecular weight below 600 are clear, colorless liquids; those with molecular weight above 1000 are waxlike with materials. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Formulation design of semisolid • Therapeutic stratification of the skin • Physicochemical property of active ingredient • Property of base