Collective dynamics of 历安毛子代枚大” XIDIAN UNIVERSITY 'small-world'networks >复杂网络的 Duncan J.Watts*&Steven H.Strogatz Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,Kimball Hall, 发展历程 Cornell University,Ithaca,New York 14853,USA Networks of coupled dynamical systems have been used to model 4:小世界网络网络 biological oscillators-,Josephson junction arrays3,excitable media,neural networks1,spatial games",genetic control networks'2 and many other self-organizing systems.Ordinarily, 模型的提出。 the connection topology is assumed to be either completely regular or completely random.But many biological,technological and social networks lie somewhere between these two extremes. 1998年发表于Nature Here we explore simple models of networks that can be tuned through this middle ground:regular networks 'rewired'to intro- 的“小世界网络的集 duce increasing amounts of disorder.We find that these systems can be highly clustered,like regular lattices,yet have small 体动力学” characteristic path lengths,like random graphs.We call them small-world'networks,by analogy with the small-world 揭示了小世界网络产生的 phenomenon'314(popularly known as six degrees of separation'5). The neural network of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans,the 机理：少量的长程边可以 power grid of the western United States,and the collaboration graph of film actors are shown to be small-world networks. Models of dynamical systems with small-world coupling display 大幅减少网络的平均路径 enhanced signal-propagation speed,computational power,and synchronizability.In particular,infectious diseases spread more 长度。 easily in small-world networks than in regular lattices. NATURE VOL 3934 JUNE 1998 复杂网络的 发展历程 4：小世界网络网络 模型的提出。 1998年发表于 Nature 的“小世界网络的集 体动力学” 揭示了小世界网络产生的 机理：少量的长程边可以 大幅减少网络的平均路径 长度。 第一章：绪论