Chapter Three Morphology (一)目的与要求 Students will leamn 1.What morphology is about; 2.Open class and closed class:intemal structure of words and rule for word formation 3.Morphemes-the minimal units of meaning 4.Word structures 5.Derivational and inflectional morphemes 6.Morphological rules of word formation 7.Derivation 8.Compounds Students will be able to analyze the formation of English words and be more efficient in memorizing English words. (仁)教学内容 1.主要内容 3.1 Introduction What is Morphology?Morphology is used to refer to the part of the grammar that is concerned with word formation and word structure. 3.2 Open class and closed class In English,nouns,verbs,adjectives and adverbs make up the largest part of the vocabulary.They are the content words of a language.which are sometimes called open class words,since we can regularly add new words to these classes. The other syntactic categories include ""functional"words Conjunctions,prepositions,articles and pronouns consist of relatively few words and have been referred to as being closed class words since new words are not usually added to them. 3.3 Morphemes-the minimal units of meaning Linguists define word as the smallest free form found in language.A free form is simply an element that does not have to occur in a fixed position with respect to its neighboring element;in many cases,it can even appear in isolation. The most important component of a word structure is the morpheme-the smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function.A morpheme which can be a word by itself is called a free morpheme,whereas a morpheme that must be attached to another one is a bound morpheme.Morphemes may have different forms.The variant forms of a morpheme are called its allomorphs. 3.4 Analyzing word structures To analyze the interal structure of words,it is important to identify first each of11 Chapter Three Morphology (一) 目的与要求 Students will learn: 1. What morphology is about; 2. Open class and closed class; internal structure of words and rule for word formation 3. Morphemes—the minimal units of meaning 4. Word structures 5. Derivational and inflectional morphemes 6. Morphological rules of word formation 7. Derivation 8. Compounds Students will be able to analyze the formation of English words and be more efficient in memorizing English words. (二) 教学内容 1. 主要内容 3.1 Introduction What is Morphology? Morphology is used to refer to the part of the grammar that is concerned with word formation and word structure. 3.2 Open class and closed class In English, nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs make up the largest part of the vocabulary. They are the content words of a language, which are sometimes called open class words, since we can regularly add new words to these classes. The other syntactic categories include “grammatical” or “functional” words. Conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns consist of relatively few words and have been referred to as being closed class words since new words are not usually added to them. 3.3 Morphemes—the minimal units of meaning Linguists define word as the smallest free form found in language. A free form is simply an element that does not have to occur in a fixed position with respect to its neighboring element; in many cases, it can even appear in isolation. The most important component of a word structure is the morpheme—the smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function. A morpheme which can be a word by itself is called a free morpheme, whereas a morpheme that must be attached to another one is a bound morpheme. Morphemes may have different forms. The variant forms of a morpheme are called its allomorphs. 3.4 Analyzing word structures To analyze the internal structure of words, it is important to identify first each of