Contents x 22 Legislative issues relating to active and intelligent packaging. 459 N de Kruif and R. Rijk, TNO Nutrition and Food Research 22.1 Introduction 459 22.2 Initiatives to amend EU legislation: European project 22.3 Initiatives to amend EU legislation: Nordic report 22.4 Current EU legislation and recommendations for change 22.5 Food contact materials 22.6 Food additives 478 22.7 Food flavouring 22.8 Biocides and pesticides 22.9 Food hygiene 485 22.10 Food labelling, weight and volume control 22.11 Product safety and waste 22.12 References 23 Recycling packaging materials…… R. Franz and F. Welle, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Germany 23.1 Introduction 23.2 The recyclability of packaging plastics 23.3 Improving the recyclability of plastics packaging 23.4 Testing the safety and quality of recycled material 23.5 Using recycled plastics in packaging 23.6 Future trends 513 23.7 Sources of further information and advice 23.8 References 515 24 Green plastics for food packaging 519 J. de vlieger, TNO Industrial Technology, The Netherlands 24. 1 Introduction: the problem of plastic packaging waste 24.2 The range of biopolymers 24.3 Developing novel biodegradable materials 24. 4 Legislative issues 24.5 Current applications uture t 533 24.7 References 533 25 Integrating intelligent packaging, storage and distribution 535 T. Jarvi-Kadriainen, Association of Packaging Technology and Research. Finland 25.1 Introduction: the supply chain for perishable foods 535 25.2 The role of packaging in the supply chain 538 25.3 Creating integrated packaging, storage and distribution alarm systems and TTIs 54022 Legislative issues relating to active and intelligent packaging . . 459 N. de Kruijf and R. Rijk, TNO Nutrition and Food Research, The Netherlands 22.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 22.2 Initiatives to amend EU legislation: European project . . . . . . . 461 22.3 Initiatives to amend EU legislation: Nordic report . . . . . . . . . . . 468 22.4 Current EU legislation and recommendations for change . . . . 468 22.5 Food contact materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 22.6 Food additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 22.7 Food flavouring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 22.8 Biocides and pesticides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 22.9 Food hygiene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 22.10 Food labelling, weight and volume control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 22.11 Product safety and waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 22.12 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 23 Recycling packaging materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 R. Franz and F. Welle, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Germany 23.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 23.2 The recyclability of packaging plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 23.3 Improving the recyclability of plastics packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 23.4 Testing the safety and quality of recycled material . . . . . . . . . . 504 23.5 Using recycled plastics in packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 23.6 Future trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 23.7 Sources of further information and advice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 23.8 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 24 Green plastics for food packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 J. J. de Vlieger, TNO Industrial Technology, The Netherlands 24.1 Introduction: the problem of plastic packaging waste . . . . . . . . 519 24.2 The range of biopolymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520 24.3 Developing novel biodegradable materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524 24.4 Legislative issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 24.5 Current applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529 24.6 Future trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533 24.7 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533 25 Integrating intelligent packaging, storage and distribution . . . . . 535 T. Ja¨rvi-Ka¨a¨ria¨inen, Association of Packaging Technology and Research, Finland 25.1 Introduction: the supply chain for perishable foods . . . . . . . . . . 535 25.2 The role of packaging in the supply chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538 25.3 Creating integrated packaging, storage and distribution: alarm systems and TTIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 Contents xi