第29卷第2期 作物学报 Vol 29,Na 2 2003年3月280284 ACTA A GRONOM ICA SN CA pp280284Mar,2003 马铃薯种间体细胞杂种的育性和遗传改良 司怀军王蒂 (甘肃农业大学农学院，甘肃兰州730070) 摘要对马铃薯双单倍体品系81-l5和南美二倍体栽培种Solanum phureja及二倍体野生种Solamum chacoense原生 质体融合获得的25个株系的花粉育性和雌配子育性进行了测定。结果显示，马铃薯种间体细胞杂种花粉育性与其双亲 相比明显降低。81.15+S.phureja和81.15+S.chacoense的种间体细胞杂种的花粉育性范围分别为70%428% 和&0%一201%，花粉中小花粉所占的比例明显增加，最高的可达360%。对体细胞杂种进行人工辅助自花授粉每 个浆果得到的种子数较少，但用四倍体栽培品种甘农薯3号作父本进行授粉时每个浆果得到较多的种子，最多的可达 每个浆果384粒，说明雌配子育性较好。以甘农薯3号作父本，4个优良的体细胞杂种作母本进行1次杂交和1次回 交，从回交后代中选育出了10个农艺性状优良、块茎性状表现较好、块茎产量高、高淀粉和低还原糖含量的优良株 系。这些结果表明，体细胞融合技术与常规育种技术相结合，是进行马铃薯遗传改良和选育新品系的有效途径。 关键词马铃薯，体细胞杂种；花粉育性，雕配子育性，回交改良 中图分类号：S532 文献标识码A Fertil ity and Genetic m provement of In terspec if ic Somatic Hybr ids of Pota to SIHuai-Jun WANGDi (College of A grona y,Gansu A gricultural University,L anhou,Gansu 730070,China) Abstract The pollen viability and fem ale fertility of 25 som atic hybridsobtained by protop last fusin betw een a dihap b id of Solamo tuberosun strain 81-15 and two dpb id species (a South Am erican dp bid cultivated species Solammn phureja and a dpb id w ild speces Solanum chacoense)were investigated The results indicated that although the fertility of the male gametes of the interspecific somatic hybrid was rather bw,as revealed by bwer percentages of fertile pollens,higher percentages of sall pollens and bwer percentages of seedsetting after self pollination,the fertility of the fem ale gam etesw asm uch better The seedsetting after pollinated w ith a comm ercial variety Gannongshu No 3 ranged from 7538 4/fruit,as compared w ith 012 5/fruit,when the som atic hybrids were self-pollinated Four better lines of the interspecific som atic hybridswere backcrossed sexually w ith Gannongshu No 3 and ten prom ising lines w hose agronom ic traits were better then,at least not inferir to,Gannongshu No.3 were obtained,indicating interspecific som atic hybrid izaton,when com bined w ith traditonalbreedingm ethod,m ight be as a new approach for the genetic iprovem ent and the devebpment of new cultivars in potato breeding Key words Potato;Som atic hybrids Pollen fertility;Fem ale fertility;Backcross mprovem ent 植物体细胞融合技术在马铃薯的品种改良和育 的范围，创造新种质。而且还可以获得既有核基因 种实践中具有重要的意义。应用该技术可以克服有 重组，又有胞质基因重组的高产优质杂种。因而， 性杂交不亲和、性器官败育等问题，从而扩大杂交 是实现基因重组的一条新途径，是有性杂交的有效 基金项目：国家863计划项目(200AA241132)和因家自然科学基金资助项目(39670480) 套尊个热统配程此染装谢虎要从事马管第主物技术有种的所究现为华中农业大学在职博士。在研究过程中赣朝曦教 Received on(收稿日期)：2001-10-22，Accepted on(接受日期：2002-05-27 C 1995-2004 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co..Ltd.All rights reserved.第 29 卷 第 2 期 作 物 学 报 V ol. 29, N o. 2 2003 年 3 月 280～ 284 A CTA A GRONOM ICA S IN ICA pp. 280～ 284 M ar. , 2003 马铃薯种间体细胞杂种的育性和遗传改良α 司怀军 王 蒂 (甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070) 摘 要 对马铃薯双单倍体品系 81215 和南美二倍体栽培种 S olanum p hureja 及二倍体野生种 S olanum chacoense 原生 质体融合获得的 25 个株系的花粉育性和雌配子育性进行了测定。结果显示, 马铃薯种间体细胞杂种花粉育性与其双亲 相比明显降低。81- 15+ S. p hureja 和 81- 15+ S. chacoense 的种间体细胞杂种的花粉育性范围分别为 7. 0%～ 42. 8% 和 8. 0%～ 20. 1% , 花粉中小花粉所占的比例明显增加, 最高的可达 36. 0%。对体细胞杂种进行人工辅助自花授粉每 个浆果得到的种子数较少, 但用四倍体栽培品种甘农薯 3 号作父本进行授粉时每个浆果得到较多的种子, 最多的可达 每个浆果 38. 4 粒, 说明雌配子育性较好。以甘农薯 3 号作父本, 4 个优良的体细胞杂种作母本进行 1 次杂交和 1 次回 交, 从回交后代中选育出了 10 个农艺性状优良、块茎性状表现较好、块茎产量高、高淀粉和低还原糖含量的优良株 系。这些结果表明, 体细胞融合技术与常规育种技术相结合, 是进行马铃薯遗传改良和选育新品系的有效途径。 关键词 马铃薯; 体细胞杂种; 花粉育性; 雌配子育性; 回交改良 中图分类号: S532 文献标识码: A Fertil ity and Genetic Improvemen t of In terspec if ic Soma tic Hybr ids of Pota to S I H uai2Jun WAN G D i (College of A g ronom y , Gansu A g ricultural U niversity , L anzhou, Gansu 730070, China) Abstract T he pollen viability and fem ale fertility of 25 som atic hybrids obtained by p rotop last fusion betw een a dihap loid of S olanum tuberosum strain 81215 and two dip loid species (a South Am erican dip loid cultivated species S olanum p hu reja and a dip loid w ild species S olanum chacoense)w ere investigated. T he results indicated that although the fertility of the m ale gam etes of the interspecific som atic hybrid w as rather low , as revealed by low er percentages of fertile pollens, h igher percentages of sm all pollens and low er percentages of seedsetting after self2pollination, the fertility of the fem ale gam etesw asm uch better. T he seedsetting after pollinated w ith a comm ercial variety Gannongshu N o. 3 ranged from 7. 5～ 38. 4öfruit, as compared w ith 0～ 12. 5öfruit, w hen the som atic hybrids w ere self2pollinated. Four better lines of the interspecific som atic hybridsw ere backcrossed sexually w ith Gannongshu N o. 3 and ten p rom ising lines w hose agronom ic traits w ere better then, at least not inferior to, Gannongshu N o. 3 w ere obtained , indicating interspecific som atic hybridization , w hen com binedw ith traditionalbreedingm ethod , m igh t be as a new app roach for the genetic imp rovem ent and the developm ent of new cultivars in potato breeding. Key words Potato; Som atic hybrids; Pollen fertility; Fem ale fertility; Backcross imp rovem ent 植物体细胞融合技术在马铃薯的品种改良和育 种实践中具有重要的意义。应用该技术可以克服有 性杂交不亲和、性器官败育等问题, 从而扩大杂交 的范围, 创造新种质。而且还可以获得既有核基因 重组, 又有胞质基因重组的高产优质杂种。因而, 是实现基因重组的一条新途径, 是有性杂交的有效 α 基金项目: 国家 863 计划项目(2001AA 241132) 和国家自然科学基金资助项目(39670480) 作者简介: 司怀军(19712) , 男, 讲师, 主要从事马铃薯生物技术育种的研究。现为华中农业大学在职博士。在研究过程中戴朝曦教 授给予了热情指导和帮助, 在此深表谢忱。 Received on (收稿日期): 2001210222, A ccep ted on (接受日期): 2002205227 © 1995-2004 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights reserved