all contexts. The problem with / is quite similar. With insufficient airflow, a dentalized [d] will occur. Placement difficulties result in a /v/ or / z/ substitution Devoicing may also be a common problem since English orthography uses the letters th" for both//and /B/. The following steps are useful in the pronunciation drill for these two consonants 1. Look in a mirror and say the lf] sound 2. Make sure you can see the ed ge of your tongue protrud ing between your teeth. Say[◆] again 3. Say the [f] sound over and over again. Don't move your tongue between Try the following [◆]..[◆]….[◆]….[◆]…thin [◆]….[]….[會]…[◆]… thanks [◆]….[]….[會]…[◆]…. thought The same method can be applied to the practice of [ sound s/ and /z/ /s/and /z/ are alveolar sounds. They are fricatives that you produce by forcing air between your tongue and the upper or lower front teeth. / s/ is voiceless and /z/ is voiced. /s/ is one of the most useful sounds in English because it has an important grammatical function in forming possessives(Kate's), third person singular, present tense verbs(sits), and plurals( seats). Although /z/ is not as frequent in English speech as/s/, it performs similar grammatical functions in marking possessive( Susan's), third person singular, present tense verbs(runs), and plurals(dogs). Both /s/ and /z/ have been ranked as the most troublesome sounds in English, but it is rarely a serious problem for the Chinese EFL learners once their grammatical roles are mastered They can be used at the beginning, middle and end of words With /s/ and /z/, the main probler which may result rom grammatical deficiencies(plural, possessive, and so or from a failure to pronounce the ends of S. The devoicing of final position /z/ may be helped by lengthening the preceding vowel. In the word price, for example, many speakers of English devoice the final /z/ but lengthen the diphthong /c/and /t/ /o/ and /t/ are lingua-palatal fricatives. You produce them very much like the/s/ and /z/, except the tongue is farther back and the lips are rounded. /ar/is voiceless and // is voiced. /r/ is not a particularly common sound in English or the languages of the world but can be learned quite easily. /t/is the least frequent of the consonants in English and is not common in the world's language. // can be used in initial, med ial and final positions in words, but /t/ is not found in word-initial position in English words With //and /t/, lip rounding is very important. For example, you can get /c/ by making /s/ first, then move the tongue body a little backward then say it again with rounded lipsall contexts. The problem with // is quite similar. With insufficient airflow, a dentalized [d] will occur. Placement difficulties result in a /v/ or /z/ substitution. Devoicing may also be a common problem since English orthography uses the letters "th" for both // and //. The following steps are useful in the pronunciation drill for these two consonants: 1. Look in a mirror and say the [] sound. 2. Make sure you can see the edge of your tongue protruding between your teeth. Say [] again. 3. Say the [] sound over and over again. Don't move your tongue between sounds. Try the following: [] … [] … [] … [] … thin [] … [] … [] … [] … thanks [] … [] … [] … [] … thought The same method can be applied to the practice of [] sound. /s/ and /z/ /s/ and /z/ are alveolar sounds. They are fricatives that you produce by forcing air between your tongue and the upper or lower front teeth. /s/ is voiceless and /z/ is voiced. /s/ is one of the most useful sounds in English because it has an important grammatical function in forming possessives (Kate's), third person singular, present tense verbs (sits), and plurals (seats). Although /z/ is not as frequent in English speech as /s/, it performs similar grammatical functions in marking possessive (Susan's), third person singular, present tense verbs (runs), and plurals (dogs). Both /s/ and /z/ have been ranked as the most troublesome sounds in English, but it is rarely a serious problem for the Chinese EFL learners once their grammatical roles are mastered. They can be used at the beginning, middle and end of words. With /s/ and /z/, the main problem comes from the omissions, which may result from grammatical deficiencies (plural, possessive, and so on) or from a failure to pronounce the ends of words. The devoicing of final position /z/ may be helped by lengthening the preceding vowel. In the word prize, for example, many speakers of English devoice the final /z/ but lengthen the diphthong. // and // // and // are lingua-palatal fricatives. You produce them very much like the /s/ and /z/, except the tongue is farther back and the lips are rounded. // is voiceless and // is voiced. // is not a particularly common sound in English or the languages of the world, but can be learned quite easily. // is the least frequent of the consonants in English and is not common in the world's language. // can be used in initial, medial, and final positions in words, but // is not found in word-initial position in English words. With // and //, lip rounding is very important. For example, you can get // by making /s/ first, then move the tongue body a little backward, then say it again with rounded lips