60 上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 第24卷 Inclusive Institution,Overseas Market and Entrepreneur Innovation: the Political Economy of Great Britain's Technological Decline in the Late 19th Century HUANG Q-ixuan,JIANG Ji-ying (School of International and Public Affairs,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China) Abstract:In the late 19th century,Great Britain was falling into a relative decline.During this period,British entrepreneurs adopted a negative attitude toward new technologies,and were unwilling to apply the most advanced technologies in industrial production.This paper aims to find the institutional cause for the negative attitude of British entrepreneurs.It demonstrates that Britain's institutional defect is responsible for the sliding of its overseas market.Due to the lack of inclusiveness in its institution,the British Empire could not include the colonized into British citizens,which led to the independence of its colonies and the loss of its markets.In addition,in the absence of international institutions,Great Britain failed to restrain the emerging powers, which led to the intense competition in world market.The rising protectionism in Europe and the independence of British colonies contributed to the shrinkage of Britain's overseas market.The international pressure largely affected domestic actors by reducing the market incentive for British entrepreneurs to invest in new technology.The rational choice of British entrepreneurs was inconsistent with the goal of maintaining Great Britain's political and economic hegemony. Key words:inclusive institution;British entrepreneur;technological decline;overseas market (责任编辑刘晓荣) (上接第37页) Narratology and Ethical Criticism:Strange Bed-Fellows or Natural Allies ANSGAR Niinning',TANG Yi-li2 (1.Giessen University,Giessen 35390,Germany; 2.School of Foreign Languages,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China) Abstract:To explore the relation between narratology and ethical criticism,this paper argues that these two approaches to the study of narrative fiction are neither strange bed-fellows nor as incompatible as the fact that most of their respective practitioners tend to ignore what each other's work may suggest.It is argued that narrative theory and ethical literary criticism could and should be seen as natural allies in that their respective concepts and perspectives present complementary and mutually illuminating approaches to an understanding of the ethics and politics of narrative form.This paper provides a brief overview of both the different trajectories of narratology and ethical literary criticism,and of recent attempts at reconciling and synthesizing narratological and ethical approaches.Moreover,it attempts to sketch out some of the premises and concepts of an ethical narratology that puts the analytical toolkit developed by narrative theory to the service of context-sensitive interpretations of novels that focus on the question of how narratives serve to disseminate norms and values.An alliance between the two approaches could arguably be an important force in the current reconceptualisation of literary studies and the ongoing development of new forms of ethical literary criticism. Key words:classical narratology;postclassical narratology;ethical criticism;dissemination of values (责任编辑孟宝棣) ?1994-2016 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http://www.cnki.net上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 第２４卷 ＩｎｃｌｕｓｉｖｅＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎ，ＯｖｅｒｓｅａｓＭａｒｋｅｔａｎｄＥｎｔｒｅｐｒｅｎｅｕｒＩｎｎｏｖａｔｉｏｎ： ｔｈｅＰｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌＥｃｏｎｏｍｙｏｆＧｒｅａｔＢｒｉｔａｉｎ’ｓＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＤｅｃｌｉｎｅｉｎｔｈｅＬａｔｅ１９ｔｈＣｅｎｔｕｒｙ ＨＵＡＮＧＱ－ｉｘｕａｎ，ＪＩＡＮＧＪｉ－ｙｉｎｇ （ＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌａｎｄＰｕｂｌｉｃＡｆｆａｉｒｓ，ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＪｉａｏＴｏｎｇ Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ２０００３０，Ｃｈｉｎａ） Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｉｎｔｈｅｌａｔｅ１９ｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ，ＧｒｅａｔＢｒｉｔａｉｎｗａｓｆａｌｌｉｎｇｉｎｔｏａｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｄｅｃｌｉｎｅ．Ｄｕｒｉｎｇ ｔｈｉｓｐｅｒｉｏｄ，Ｂｒｉｔｉｓｈｅｎｔｒｅｐｒｅｎｅｕｒｓａｄｏｐｔｅｄａｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅａｔｔｉｔｕｄｅｔｏｗａｒｄｎｅｗｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ，ａｎｄｗｅｒｅ ｕｎｗｉｌｌｉｎｇｔｏａｐｐｌｙｔｈｅｍｏｓｔａｄｖａｎｃｅｄｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓｉｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒａｉｍｓｔｏｆｉｎｄ ｔｈｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｃａｕｓｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅａｔｔｉｔｕｄｅｏｆＢｒｉｔｉｓｈｅｎｔｒｅｐｒｅｎｅｕｒｓ．Ｉｔｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｅｓｔｈａｔ Ｂｒｉｔａｉｎ’ｓｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｄｅｆｅｃｔｉｓｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｌｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｌｉｄｉｎｇｏｆｉｔｓｏｖｅｒｓｅａｓｍａｒｋｅｔ．Ｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｌａｃｋｏｆ ｉｎｃｌｕｓｉｖｅｎｅｓｓｉｎｉｔｓｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎ，ｔｈｅＢｒｉｔｉｓｈ ＥｍｐｉｒｅｃｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｔｈｅｃｏｌｏｎｉｚｅｄｉｎｔｏＢｒｉｔｉｓｈ ｃｉｔｉｚｅｎｓ，ｗｈｉｃｈｌｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅｏｆｉｔｓｃｏｌｏｎｉｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅｌｏｓｓｏｆｉｔｓｍａｒｋｅｔｓ．Ｉｎａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ，ｉｎ ｔｈｅａｂｓｅｎｃｅｏｆｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎｓ，ＧｒｅａｔＢｒｉｔａｉｎｆａｉｌｅｄｔｏｒｅｓｔｒａｉｎｔｈｅｅｍｅｒｇｉｎｇｐｏｗｅｒｓ， ｗｈｉｃｈｌｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｎｓｅｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｗｏｒｌｄｍａｒｋｅｔ．ＴｈｅｒｉｓｉｎｇｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｓｍｉｎＥｕｒｏｐｅａｎｄｔｈｅ ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅｏｆＢｒｉｔｉｓｈｃｏｌｏｎｉｅｓｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｓｈｒｉｎｋａｇｅｏｆＢｒｉｔａｉｎ’ｓｏｖｅｒｓｅａｓｍａｒｋｅｔ．Ｔｈｅ ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｌａｒｇｅｌｙａｆｆｅｃｔｅｄｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃａｃｔｏｒｓｂｙｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇｔｈｅｍａｒｋｅｔｉｎｃｅｎｔｉｖｅｆｏｒＢｒｉｔｉｓｈ ｅｎｔｒｅｐｒｅｎｅｕｒｓｔｏｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｎ ｎｅｗ ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ．ＴｈｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｌｃｈｏｉｃｅｏｆＢｒｉｔｉｓｈ ｅｎｔｒｅｐｒｅｎｅｕｒｓ ｗａｓ ｉｎｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｅｎｔｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｇｏａｌｏｆｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇＧｒｅａｔＢｒｉｔａｉｎ＇ｓｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌａｎｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｈｅｇｅｍｏｎｙ． Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ｉｎｃｌｕｓｉｖｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎ；Ｂｒｉｔｉｓｈｅｎｔｒｅｐｒｅｎｅｕｒ；ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｄｅｃｌｉｎｅ；ｏｖｅｒｓｅａｓｍａｒｋｅｔ （责任编辑 刘晓荣） 櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅櫅 （上接第３７页） ＮａｒｒａｔｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＥｔｈｉｃａｌＣｒｉｔｉｃｉｓｍ：ＳｔｒａｎｇｅＢｅｄ－ＦｅｌｌｏｗｓｏｒＮａｔｕｒａｌＡｌｌｉｅｓ ＡＮＳＧＡＲＮüｎｎｉｎｇ１，ＴＡＮＧＹｉ－ｌｉ２ （１．ＧｉｅｓｓｅｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｇｉｅｓｓｅｎ３５３９０，Ｇｅｒｍａｎｙ； ２．ＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＦｏｒｅｉｇｎＬａｎｇｕａｇｅｓ，ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＪｉａｏＴｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ２００２４０，Ｃｈｉｎａ） Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｔｏｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｎａｒｒａｔｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄｅｔｈｉｃａｌｃｒｉｔｉｃｉｓｍ，ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒａｒｇｕｅｓｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅｓｅｔｗｏａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｅｓｔｏｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｎａｒｒａｔｉｖｅｆｉｃｔｉｏｎａｒｅｎｅｉｔｈｅｒｓｔｒａｎｇｅｂｅｄ－ｆｅｌｌｏｗｓｎｏｒａｓｉｎｃｏｍｐａｔｉｂｌｅａｓ ｔｈｅｆａｃｔｔｈａｔｍｏｓｔｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｐｒａｃｔｉｔｉｏｎｅｒｓｔｅｎｄｔｏｉｇｎｏｒｅｗｈａｔｅａｃｈｏｔｈｅｒ’ｓｗｏｒｋｍａｙｓｕｇｇｅｓｔ．Ｉｔｉｓ ａｒｇｕｅｄｔｈａｔｎａｒｒａｔｉｖｅｔｈｅｏｒｙａｎｄｅｔｈｉｃａｌｌｉｔｅｒａｒｙｃｒｉｔｉｃｉｓｍｃｏｕｌｄａｎｄｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｓｅｅｎａｓｎａｔｕｒａｌａｌｌｉｅｓｉｎｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅｉｒｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｓａｎｄｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｓｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｃｏｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔａｒｙａｎｄｍｕｔｕａｌｌｙｉｌｌｕｍｉｎａｔｉｎｇａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｅｓｔｏ ａｎｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｅｔｈｉｃｓａｎｄｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓｏｆｎａｒｒａｔｉｖｅｆｏｒｍ．Ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｓａｂｒｉｅｆｏｖｅｒｖｉｅｗｏｆｂｏｔｈ ｔｈｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｔｒａｊｅｃｔｏｒｉｅｓｏｆｎａｒｒａｔｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄｅｔｈｉｃａｌｌｉｔｅｒａｒｙｃｒｉｔｉｃｉｓｍ，ａｎｄｏｆｒｅｃｅｎｔａｔｔｅｍｐｔｓａｔｒｅｃｏｎｃｉｌｉｎｇ ａｎｄｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｚｉｎｇｎａｒｒａｔｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｎｄｅｔｈｉｃａｌａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｅｓ．Ｍｏｒｅｏｖｅｒ，ｉｔａｔｔｅｍｐｔｓｔｏｓｋｅｔｃｈｏｕｔｓｏｍｅｏｆｔｈｅ ｐｒｅｍｉｓｅｓａｎｄｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｓｏｆａｎｅｔｈｉｃａｌｎａｒｒａｔｏｌｏｇｙｔｈａｔｐｕｔｓｔｈｅａｎａｌｙｔｉｃａｌｔｏｏｌｋｉｔｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｂｙｎａｒｒａｔｉｖｅ ｔｈｅｏｒｙｔｏｔｈｅｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｏｆｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ－ｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｎｏｖｅｌｓｔｈａｔｆｏｃｕｓｏｎｔｈｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｏｗ ｎａｒｒａｔｉｖｅｓｓｅｒｖｅｔｏｄｉｓｓｅｍｉｎａｔｅｎｏｒｍｓａｎｄｖａｌｕｅｓ．Ａｎａｌｌｉａｎｃｅｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｔｗｏａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｅｓｃｏｕｌｄａｒｇｕａｂｌｙ ｂｅａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｆｏｒｃｅｉｎｔｈｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｒｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｕａｌｉｓａｔｉｏｎｏｆｌｉｔｅｒａｒｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅｏｎｇｏｉｎｇｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆ ｎｅｗｆｏｒｍｓｏｆｅｔｈｉｃａｌｌｉｔｅｒａｒｙｃｒｉｔｉｃｉｓｍ． Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ｃｌａｓｓｉｃａｌｎａｒｒａｔｏｌｏｇｙ；ｐｏｓｔｃｌａｓｓｉｃａｌｎａｒｒａｔｏｌｏｇｙ；ｅｔｈｉｃａｌｃｒｉｔｉｃｉｓｍ；ｄｉｓｓｅｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｖａｌｕｅｓ （责任编辑 孟宝棣） ６０