Normalization and orthogonality 0=∫44，dr=∫(Va4+V1-g)(Wa4,+V1-cgn)dr -aaSdr+(1-@)-@)o.dr+0+0 O-aa,+/(1-a)(-@,)cose aa V1-a)0-a) (c0s00,0>90°) Equivalent hybridzation.Example:CH4 i≠0j Non-equivalent hybridzation.Example:CHCl3,CHaCl Equivalent hybridization sp3-hybrides 1 Q= 4 1 aaj 4 1 V1-a,1-a) 3 4 sp3 0=10928" 109.5 109.5° 109.59 109.5(1 )(1 ) cos 0 (1 )(1 ) cos (1 )(1 ) 0 0 0 ( 1 )( 1 ) 2 2 2 2 i j i j ij i j i j ij i j s i j pi pj hi hj i s i pi j s j pj d d d d α α αα θ αα α α θ αα φ τ α α φ φ τ φ φ τ αφ αφ α φ α φ τ − − =− = + − − = + − − + + = = + − + − ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ Equivalent hybridzation. Example: CH4 Non-equivalent hybridzation. Example: CHCl3, CH3Cl i j i j α α α α ≠ = （cosθij<0, θij>90°） φ hi φ hj θ ij Normalization and orthogonality sp3 − hybrides 109 28" 3 1 4 3 4 1 (1 )(1 ) cos 4 1 0 = = − = − − − = − = θ α α α α θ α i j i j ij Equivalent hybridization