13-3 Leadership Across Cultures o Leadership styles may vary over different cultures European managers tend to be more people-oriented than American or Japanese managers o Japanese culture is very collective oriented, while American focuses more on profitabilit Time horizons also are affected by cultures .U.S firms often focus on short-run efforts o Japanese firms take a longer-term outlook " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 200013-3 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Leadership Across Cultures ⚫Leadership styles may vary over different cultures. ◼ European managers tend to be more people-oriented than American or Japanese managers. ◆ Japanese culture is very collective oriented, while American focuses more on profitability. ◼ Time horizons also are affected by cultures. ◆ U.S. firms often focus on short-run efforts. ◆ Japanese firms take a longer-term outlook