CONTENTS 10 Hypothesis Testing 217 l0.1 Introduction......··· 217 10.2 Tests for Proportions 218 10.3 One Sample Tests for Means and Variances 224 10.4 Two-Sample Tests for Means and Variances 227 10.5 Other Hypothesis Tests 228 10.6 Analysis of Variance 。 229 10.7 Sample Size and Power 230 Chapter Exercises..... 232 11 Simple Linear Regression 235 11.1 Basic Philosophy 235 1l.2 Estimation...· 239 11.3 Model Utility and Inference. 248 11.4 Residual Analysis........ 252 11.5 Other Diagnostic Tools 259 Chapter Exercises ......... 266 12 Multiple Linear Regression 267 12.1 The Multiple Linear Regression Model. 267 12.2 Estimation and Prediction......... 270 12.3 Model Utility and Inference... 277 12.4 Polynomial Regression 280 12.5 Interaction....... 283 12.6 Qualitative Explanatory Variables.. 286 12.7 Partial F Statistic 289 12.8 Residual Analysis and Diagnostic Tools 291 12.9 Additional Topics 292 Chapter Exercises .. 296 13 Resampling Methods 297 13.1 Introduction.. 297 13.2 Bootstrap Standard Errors... 299 13.3 Bootstrap Confidence Intervals 303 13.4 Resampling in Hypothesis Tests 305 Chapter Exercises 309 14 Categorical Data Analysis 311 15 Nonparametric Statistics 313 16 Time Series 315 A R Session Information 317 GNU Free Documentation License 319 C History 327 D Data 329CONTENTS v 10 Hypothesis Testing 217 10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 10.2 Tests for Proportions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 10.3 One Sample Tests for Means and Variances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 10.4 Two-Sample Tests for Means and Variances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 10.5 Other Hypothesis Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 10.6 Analysis of Variance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 10.7 Sample Size and Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 Chapter Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 11 Simple Linear Regression 235 11.1 Basic Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 11.2 Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 11.3 Model Utility and Inference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 11.4 Residual Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 11.5 Other Diagnostic Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Chapter Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 12 Multiple Linear Regression 267 12.1 The Multiple Linear Regression Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 12.2 Estimation and Prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 12.3 Model Utility and Inference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 12.4 Polynomial Regression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 12.5 Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 12.6 Qualitative Explanatory Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 12.7 Partial F Statistic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 12.8 Residual Analysis and Diagnostic Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 12.9 Additional Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Chapter Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 13 Resampling Methods 297 13.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 13.2 Bootstrap Standard Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 13.3 Bootstrap Confidence Intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 13.4 Resampling in Hypothesis Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Chapter Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 14 Categorical Data Analysis 311 15 Nonparametric Statistics 313 16 Time Series 315 A R Session Information 317 B GNU Free Documentation License 319 C History 327 D Data 329