Simplified scheme showing the pathogenesis of heart failure,and the sites of action of some of the drugs used to treat it Pathological factors Preload Heart disease Afterload Positive drugs ↓Cardiac output inotropes Central v©nos Tissue Renal pressur perfusion blood flow Renin release Formation of ACE angiotensin I inhibitors 日elease of aldosterone Na/water Diuretics retention Oedema Elsevier Rang et al:Pharmacology 6e-www. studentconsult.com 人凤只生8版松Simplified scheme showing the pathogenesis of heart failure, and the sites of action of some of the drugs used to treat it