1/u: /is the highest back vowel, so the raised part of the tongue for /u: /is higher than that for // 2. the part of the tongue raised for /@/is not as back as that for /u: / 3 /u has quite strong lip rounding while the lips are only slightly rounded for/e/. 章:/&/D 70: / is a mid-back vowel. For its production, the tongue is retracted and almost flat in the mouth. The vowel is almost fully back and has quite strong lip-round ing /b/ is a low vowel. The lips are slightly rounded / o/ is a difficult vowel for the Chinese learners. Many of them use a shortened version of /4: as its substitution. To ensure correct pronunciation, it is important to make the following distinction between these two vowels 1. /D/ is a low vowel while/0 / is a mid vowel, so the mouth is more open for/D/, 2./0 /has quite strong lip round ing while the lips are only slightly rounded for/D/ 八:/&// The/&: is made by lowering and flattening the tongue in the oral cavity It is a low vowel, but not as back as other back vowels in English /7/ is quite different from other vowels in this group in that it is more like a central vowel than a back vowel(see the vowel chart)./y/ is made with the tongue in the approximate middle of the mouth, perhaps shifted back slightly. It is lower than the other central vowels /3: /and /+/ The lip position is neutral. It is important for the learners to make a clear distinction between /A: and /, in their pronunciation 元音:后元音 在这个单元里,我们将学习英语的后元音。英语有六个后元音。发后元音时, 舌身从中间位置向后移动,舌尖与下齿保持同一水平。英语的前元音在发音时, 唇形是扁平的。后元音中则有四个圆唇音。我们可以根据其口的开张程度,由近 乎全合到近乎全开,逐步张开,舌位依次降低发出以下后元音:/u,③,心,D。 我们来看后元音的舌位图。英语的后元音中有四个圆唇音,两个非圆唇音。 从发音时口的开张程度看,/u:/近乎全合;/⑧/属半合;/:/在发音时牙床半开 /D/在发音时牙床张开;/D近乎全开;庹:/也近乎全开;/D/与/8/在口的开张 度上相似,但/D/是圆唇音,/是非圆唇音://的舌位要比/D(稍前一些。 现在来看看这些音的具体发音 /u:/// /u:/和/都是高元音、后元音、圆唇元音。/u:英语后元音中,舌位是最 高的。就如/i伡在前元音中舌位最高一样。发此音时,舌头后缩,并向软腭隆起。 这个音在当今世界的许多语言中都很常见,对大多数中国学习者来说,发此音并 没有多大问题。心在发音时与//一样,舌头后缩,但后度不及/:/,舌面隆起但1. /u:/ is the highest back vowel, so the raised part of the tongue for /u:/ is higher than that for /☺/; 2. the part of the tongue raised for /☺/ is not as back as that for /u:/; 3. /u:/ has quite strong lip rounding while the lips are only slightly rounded for /☺/. /:/ & / ɒ/ /:/ is a mid-back vowel. For its production, the tongue is retracted and almost flat in the mouth. The vowel is almost fully back and has quite strong lip-rounding. /ɒ/ is a low vowel. The lips are slightly rounded. / ɒ/ is a difficult vowel for the Chinese learners. Many of them use a shortened version of /:/ as its substitution. To ensure correct pronunciation, it is important to make the following distinction between these two vowels: 1. / ɒ/ is a low vowel while /:/ is a mid vowel, so the mouth is more open for / ɒ/, 2. /:/ has quite strong lip rounding while the lips are only slightly rounded for / ɒ/. /:/ & // The /:/ is made by lowering and flattening the tongue in the oral cavity. It is a low vowel, but not as back as other back vowels in English. // is quite different from other vowels in this group in that it is more like a central vowel than a back vowel (see the vowel chart). // is made with the tongue in the approximate middle of the mouth, perhaps shifted back slightly. It is lower than the other central vowels /з:/ and //. The lip position is neutral. It is important for the learners to make a clear distinction between /:/ and // in their pronunciation. 元音: 后元音 在这个单元里，我们将学习英语的后元音。英语有六个后元音。发后元音时， 舌身从中间位置向后移动，舌尖与下齿保持同一水平。英语的前元音在发音时， 唇形是扁平的。后元音中则有四个圆唇音。我们可以根据其口的开张程度，由近 乎全合到近乎全开，逐步张开，舌位依次降低发出以下后元音：/u:, ☺, :, ɒ/。 我们来看后元音的舌位图。英语的后元音中有四个圆唇音，两个非圆唇音。 从发音时口的开张程度看，/ u: /近乎全合；/ ☺ /属半合；/ : /在发音时牙床半开； / ɒ /在发音时牙床张开；/ ɒ /近乎全开；/:/也近乎全开；/ ɒ /与/ :/在口的开张 度上相似，但/ ɒ /是圆唇音，/ :/是非圆唇音；/ :/的舌位要比/ ɒ /稍前一些。 现在来看看这些音的具体发音。 / u: / / ☺/ / u: /和/☺/都是高元音、后元音、圆唇元音。/ u: /在英语后元音中，舌位是最 高的。就如/ i: /在前元音中舌位最高一样。发此音时，舌头后缩，并向软腭隆起。 这个音在当今世界的许多语言中都很常见，对大多数中国学习者来说，发此音并 没有多大问题。/☺/在发音时与/u:/一样，舌头后缩，但后度不及/u:/，舌面隆起但