The work consisted of two books and a second edition two years later saw an increase in the material by about an extra 30 per cent. The work tudies generating functions, Laplace's definition of probability, Bayes rule (so named by Poincare many years later), the notion of mathematical ex pectation, probability approximations, a discussion of the method of least squares, Buffon's needle problem, and inverse Laplace transform. Later edi- tions of the"Theorie Analytique des Probabilites" also contains supplement which consider applications of probability to determine errors in observations arising in astronomy, the other passion of Laplace Laplace had always changed his views with the changing political events of the time, modifying his opinions to fit in with the frequent political changes which were typical of this period. Laplace became Count of the Empire in 1806 and he was named a marquis in 1817 after the restoration of the Bourbons On the morning of monday 5 March 1827 Laplace died. Few events would cause the Academy to cancel a meeting but they did so on that day as a mark of respect for one of the greatest scientists of all time. Many workers have contributed to the theory since Laplace's time; among the most important are Chebyshev, Markov, von Mises, and Kolmogorov One of the difficulties in developing a mathematical theory of probability has been to arrive at a definition of probability that is precise enough for use in mathematics, yet comprehensive enough to be applicable to a wide range of phenomena. The search for a widely acceptable definition took nearly three centuries and was marked by much controversy. The matter was finally resolved in the 20th century by treating probability theory on an axiomatic basis In 1933 a monograph by the Russian giant mathematician Andrey Niko- laevich Kolmogorov(1903-1987)outlined an axiomatic approach that form the basis for the modern theory. In 1925 the year he started his doctoral stud ies, Kolmogorov published his first paper with Khinchin on the probability theory. The paper contains among other inequalities about partial series of random variables the three series theorem which provides important tools for stochastic calculus. In 1929 when he finished his doctorate he already had published 18 papers among them versions of the strong law of large numbers and the iterated logarithm In 1933, two years after his appointment as a professor at moscow Univer- sity, Kolmogorov publishes Grundbegriffe der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung his most fundamental book. In it he builds up probability theory in a rigorThe work consisted of two books and a second edition two years later saw an increase in the material by about an extra 30 per cent. The work studies generating functions, Laplace’s definition of probability, Bayes rule (so named by Poincar´e many years later), the notion of mathematical ex￾pectation, probability approximations, a discussion of the method of least squares, Buffon’s needle problem, and inverse Laplace transform. Later edi￾tions of the ”Th´eorie Analytique des Probabilit´es” also contains supplements which consider applications of probability to determine errors in observations arising in astronomy, the other passion of Laplace. Laplace had always changed his views with the changing political events of the time, modifying his opinions to fit in with the frequent political changes which were typical of this period. Laplace became Count of the Empire in 1806 and he was named a marquis in 1817 after the restoration of the Bourbons. On the morning of Monday 5 March 1827 Laplace died. Few events would cause the Academy to cancel a meeting but they did so on that day as a mark of respect for one of the greatest scientists of all time. Many workers have contributed to the theory since Laplace’s time; among the most important are Chebyshev, Markov, von Mises, and Kolmogorov. One of the difficulties in developing a mathematical theory of probability has been to arrive at a definition of probability that is precise enough for use in mathematics, yet comprehensive enough to be applicable to a wide range of phenomena. The search for a widely acceptable definition took nearly three centuries and was marked by much controversy. The matter was finally resolved in the 20th century by treating probability theory on an axiomatic basis. In 1933 a monograph by the Russian giant mathematician Andrey Niko￾laevich Kolmogorov (1903-1987) outlined an axiomatic approach that forms the basis for the modern theory. In 1925 the year he started his doctoral stud￾ies, Kolmogorov published his first paper with Khinchin on the probability theory. The paper contains among other inequalities about partial series of random variables the three series theorem which provides important tools for stochastic calculus. In 1929 when he finished his doctorate he already had published 18 papers among them versions of the strong law of large numbers and the iterated logarithm. In 1933, two years after his appointment as a professor at Moscow Univer￾sity, Kolmogorov publishes Grundbegriffe der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung his most fundamental book. In it he builds up probability theory in a rigor- 4