In Miscellanea Analytica(1730) he derives Stirlings formula(wrongly attributed to Stirling) which he uses in his proof of the central limit theorem n the second edition of the book in 1738 de moivre gives credit to Stirling for an improvement to the formula. De Moivre wrote I desisted in proceeding farther till my worthy and learned friend Mr James Stirling, who had applied after me to that inquiry discovered that c=√2 De moivre also investigated mortality statistics and the foundation of the theory of annuities. In 1724 he publishes based on population data for the city of Breslau Annuities on lives one of the first statistical applications into finance. In fact in A history of the mathematical theory of probability (London, 1865), Todhunter says that probability owes more to de Moivre than any other mathematician, with the le exception of lapa Despite de moivre's extraordinary scientific eminence his main income was as a private tutor of mathematics and he died in poverty. None of his influential friends: Leibnitz, Newton, Halley could help him find a university position. De moivre, like Cardan, is famed for predicting the day of his own death He found that he was sle 15 minutes longer each night and the arithmetic progression, calculated that he would die on the day that he slept for 24 hours. He was right The XIX-th century saw the development and generalization of the early theory. Pierre-Simon marquis de Laplace(1749-1827) publishes in 1812 Theorie analytique des Probabilites. This is the first fundamental book in probability ever published (the second being Kolmogorov's monograph from 1933). Before Laplace, probability theory was solely concerned with devel- oping a mathematical analysis of games of chance. The first edition was dedicated to Napoleon-lIe-Grand but, for obvious reasons, the dedication was removed in later editions Laplace the scientist was a genius but Laplace n was human e was put into office by Napoleon as a minister of the interior although demitted 6 weeks afterwards. and later raised to senate. He owes his olitical career to Napoleon n 1814 when it was clear that the empire was failing nt to the bourbons and as a reward he gained the title of marquis. The gesture was held in contempt by the majority of his colleagues(see Paul Luis Courier) 3In Miscellanea Analytica (1730) he derives Stirling’s formula (wrongly attributed to Stirling) which he uses in his proof of the central limit theorem. In the second edition of the book in 1738 de Moivre gives credit to Stirling for an improvement to the formula. De Moivre wrote: ”I desisted in proceeding farther till my worthy and learned friend Mr James Stirling, who had applied after me to that inquiry, [discovered that c = √ 2].” De Moivre also investigated mortality statistics and the foundation of the theory of annuities. In 1724 he publishes based on population data for the city of Breslau Annuities on lives one of the first statistical applications into finance. In fact in A history of the mathematical theory of probability (London, 1865), Todhunter says that probability: ... owes more to [de Moivre] than any other mathematician, with the single exception of Laplace. Despite de Moivre’s extraordinary scientific eminence his main income was as a private tutor of mathematics and he died in poverty. None of his influential friends: Leibnitz, Newton, Halley could help him find a university position. De Moivre, like Cardan, is famed for predicting the day of his own death. He found that he was sleeping 15 minutes longer each night and summing the arithmetic progression, calculated that he would die on the day that he slept for 24 hours. He was right! The XIX-th century saw the development and generalization of the early theory. Pierre-Simon marquis de Laplace (1749-1827) publishes in 1812 Th´eorie Analytique des Probabilit´es. This is the first fundamental book in probability ever published (the second being Kolmogorov’s monograph from 1933). Before Laplace, probability theory was solely concerned with devel￾oping a mathematical analysis of games of chance. The first edition was dedicated to Napoleon-le-Grand but, for obvious reasons2 , the dedication was removed in later editions! 2Laplace the scientist was a genius but Laplace the man was human. He was put into office by Napoleon as a minister of the interior affairs, although demitted 6 weeks afterwards, and later raised to senate. He owes his entire political career to Napoleon. In 1814 when it was clear that the empire was failing he went to the Bourbons and as a reward he gained the title of marquis. The gesture was held in contempt by the majority of his colleagues (see Paul Luis Courier) 3