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工程科学学报,第37卷,第7期:936941,2015年7月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.37,No.7:936-941,July 2015 DOI:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2015.07.016:http://journals.ustb.edu.cn 石蜡/二氧化硅复合相变材料的制备及其性能 钟丽敏”,杨穆”,栾奕)四,张晓伟”,高鸿毅”,冯妍卉》,冯黛丽2 1)北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院,北京1000832)北京科技大学机械工程学院,北京100083 ☒通信作者,E-mail:yiluan@ustb.edu.cn 摘要以石蜡为相变芯材,以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,在酸性条件下通过溶胶一凝胶法制备出石蜡/二氧化硅复合相变材料.应 用傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、差示扫描量热法、热重法等手段对所制备复合相变材料的形貌、成分、热性能等进 行了表征.实验结果表明,所制备的石蜡/二氧化硅复合相变材料的形貌是直径约为2μm的核/壳结构微球.当核/壳质量比 为2:1时,石蜡包覆率为66.3%,熔点为54.2℃,熔化焓为133.8Jg,凝固点为49.5℃,凝固焓为127.5J·g.与传统的有 机高分子壳层材料相比,无机二氧化硅壳层材料具有更好的热导率,提升了复合相变材料的导热性能,且其不易燃烧,无腐蚀 性,更加安全环保,有效拓展了相变材料在建筑保温和智能保温纺织物等领域的实际应用. 关键词相变材料:溶胶一凝胶法:石蜡:二氧化硅:材料性能 分类号TB34 Preparation and properties of paraffin/SiO,composite phase change materials ZHONG Li-min,YANG Mu,LUAN Yi,ZHANG Xiao-ei,GAO Hongyi,FENG Yan-hui,FENG Dai-i 1)School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China 2)School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail:yiluan@ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT Paraffin/SiO composite phase change materials based on a paraffin core and a silica shell were prepared using TEOS as a silica source through a sol-gel method under acidic condition.Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy,differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry were employed to investigate the morphology, chemical structure,crystalloid phase,phase change properties and thermal stability of the composite materials.The results show that the paraffin/SiO,materials have core/shell morphology with a diameter of about 2 um.When the core/shell mass ratio reaches 2:1, the encapsulated ratio of paraffin is 66.3%,the melting point of the composites is 54.2C with a latent heat of 133.8Jg,and the solidifying temperature is 49.5C with a latent heat of 127.5Jg.In comparison to traditional composite phase change materials with a polymeric shell,the thermal conductivity of the paraffin/SiO,materials increases due to the extra silica shell.This advantage expands applications in building materials and textile fabrics. KEY WORDS phase change materials:sol-gel processing:paraffin:silica:materials properties 能量储存是发展能源科学的一个重要方向,能量 时产生的潜热(1 latent heat)来实现热能储存的材料,被 储存研究的一个主要方面是热能储存(thermal energy 广泛应用于太阳能储存、建筑储能、废热回收、食品储 storage,TES).以相变材料为核心的潜热储存(latent 存等领域Ⅲ heat storage,LHS)则是热能储存的主要形式.相变材 相变材料中应用较为广泛的主要是固一液相变材 料(phase change materials,PCM)作为一种利用其相变 料,利用材料在升温时固态向液态转变(或者降温过 收稿日期:201403-27 基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(2012CB720404):国家自然科学基金面上项目(51272028)工程科学学报,第 37 卷,第 7 期: 936--941,2015 年 7 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol. 37,No. 7: 936--941,July 2015 DOI: 10. 13374 /j. issn2095--9389. 2015. 07. 016; http: / /journals. ustb. edu. cn 石蜡 /二氧化硅复合相变材料的制备及其性能 钟丽敏1) ,杨 穆1) ,栾 奕1) ,张晓伟1) ,高鸿毅1) ,冯妍卉2) ,冯黛丽2) 1) 北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院,北京 100083 2) 北京科技大学机械工程学院,北京 100083  通信作者,E-mail: yiluan@ ustb. edu. cn 摘 要 以石蜡为相变芯材,以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,在酸性条件下通过溶胶--凝胶法制备出石蜡/二氧化硅复合相变材料. 应 用傅里叶红外光谱、X 射线衍射、扫描电镜、差示扫描量热法、热重法等手段对所制备复合相变材料的形貌、成分、热性能等进 行了表征. 实验结果表明,所制备的石蜡/二氧化硅复合相变材料的形貌是直径约为 2 μm 的核/壳结构微球. 当核/壳质量比 为 2∶ 1时,石蜡包覆率为 66. 3% ,熔点为 54. 2 ℃,熔化焓为 133. 8 J·g - 1,凝固点为 49. 5 ℃,凝固焓为 127. 5 J·g - 1 . 与传统的有 机高分子壳层材料相比,无机二氧化硅壳层材料具有更好的热导率,提升了复合相变材料的导热性能,且其不易燃烧,无腐蚀 性,更加安全环保,有效拓展了相变材料在建筑保温和智能保温纺织物等领域的实际应用. 关键词 相变材料; 溶胶--凝胶法; 石蜡; 二氧化硅; 材料性能 分类号 TB34 Preparation and properties of paraffin / SiO2 composite phase change materials ZHONG Li-min1) ,YANG Mu1) ,LUAN Yi1)  ,ZHANG Xiao-wei1) ,GAO Hong-yi1) ,FENG Yan-hui2) ,FENG Dai-li2) 1) School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China 2) School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China  Corresponding author,E-mail: yiluan@ ustb. edu. cn ABSTRACT Paraffin/ SiO2 composite phase change materials based on a paraffin core and a silica shell were prepared using TEOS as a silica source through a sol--gel method under acidic condition. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy,differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry were employed to investigate the morphology, chemical structure,crystalloid phase,phase change properties and thermal stability of the composite materials. The results show that the paraffin/ SiO2 materials have core / shell morphology with a diameter of about 2 μm. When the core / shell mass ratio reaches 2∶ 1, the encapsulated ratio of paraffin is 66. 3% ,the melting point of the composites is 54. 2 ℃ with a latent heat of 133. 8 J·g - 1,and the solidifying temperature is 49. 5 ℃ with a latent heat of 127. 5 J·g - 1 . In comparison to traditional composite phase change materials with a polymeric shell,the thermal conductivity of the paraffin/ SiO2 materials increases due to the extra silica shell. This advantage expands applications in building materials and textile fabrics. KEY WORDS phase change materials; sol--gel processing; paraffin; silica; materials properties 收稿日期: 2014--03--27 基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目( 2012CB720404) ; 国家自然科学基金面上项目( 51272028) 能量储存是发展能源科学的一个重要方向,能量 储存研究的一个主要方面是热能储存( thermal energy storage,TES) . 以相变材料为核心的潜热储存( latent heat storage,LHS) 则是热能储存的主要形式. 相变材 料( phase change materials,PCM) 作为一种利用其相变 时产生的潜热( latent heat) 来实现热能储存的材料,被 广泛应用于太阳能储存、建筑储能、废热回收、食品储 存等领域[1]. 相变材料中应用较为广泛的主要是固--液相变材 料,利用材料在升温时固态向液态转变( 或者降温过
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