消费者剩余与经济福利 生产者剩余 Consumer Surplus and Economic Producer Surplus Well-Being 生产者剩余是卖者出售一种物品得到的 消费者剩余,即买者愿意为一种物品支付的金 金额减 卖者的成 本 额减他们实际支付的金额,衡量了消费者从 Producer surplus is the amount a seller is 种物品中得到的买者自己感觉到的收益 Consumer surplus, the amount that buyers are paid minus the cost of production. willing to pay for a good minus the amount they ◆它衡量了卖者参与市场得到的收益 actually pay for it, measures the benefit that It measures the benefit to sellers participating in a market themselves perceive it. 四个可能的卖者的成本 生产者剩余与供给曲线 The Costs of Four Possible Producer Surplus and the Sellers Supply Curve 实者Sele 成本cost ◆正如消费者剩余与需求曲线密切相关,生产者剩余也 与供绐曲线密切相关 Just as consumer surplus is related to the demand curve, producer surplus is closely related to the supply a 800 curvea ◆在任何一种数量上,供给曲线给出的价格表示边际卖 个边际卖者是如果价格再略低一点就首 Grandma 500 At any quantity, the price given by the supply curve ows the cost of the marginal seller, the seller who would leave the market first if the price were any 四个卖者的供给量 生产者剩余与供给曲线 Supply Schedule for the Four Producer Surplus and the Possible sellers Supply Curve. 价格 兴者 供给量 供给 Supply Price Sellers Supplied Mary,'s cost S900 or mo ary, Fnda, Georgia Grandma $800 to $900 Frida, Georgia, Grandma S600 to S800 Georgia, Grandma s500tos600 Less than s500 None 数 QUantity o Houses Painted4 19 消费者剩余与经济福利 Consumer Surplus and Economic Well-Being 消费者剩余，即买者愿意为一种物品支付的金 额减他们实际支付的金额，衡量了消费者从一 种物品中得到的买者自己感觉到的收益。 Consumer surplus, the amount that buyers are willing to pay for a good minus the amount they actually pay for it, measures the benefit that buyers receive from a good as the buyers themselves perceive it. 20 生产者剩余 Producer Surplus ‹生产者剩余是卖者出售一种物品得到的 金额减去卖者的成本。 Producer surplus is the amount a seller is paid minus the cost of production. ‹它衡量了卖者参与市场得到的收益。 It measures the benefit to sellers participating in a market. 21 四个可能的卖者的成本 The Costs of Four Possible Sellers... 卖者 Seller 成本 Cost Mary $900 Frida 800 Georgia 600 Grandma 500 22 生产者剩余与供给曲线 Producer Surplus and the Supply Curve ‹正如消费者剩余与需求曲线密切相关，生产者剩余也 与供给曲线密切相关。 Just as consumer surplus is related to the demand curve, producer surplus is closely related to the supply curve. ‹在任何一种数量上，供给曲线给出的价格表示边际卖 者的成本，这个边际卖者是如果价格再略低一点就首 先离开市场的卖者。 At any quantity, the price given by the supply curve shows the cost of the marginal seller, the seller who would leave the market first if the price were any lower. 23 四个卖者的供给量 Supply Schedule for the Four Possible Sellers... 价格 Price 卖者 Sellers 供给量 Quantity Supplied $900 or more Mary, Frida, Georgia, Grandma 4 $800 to $900 Frida, Georgia, Grandma 3 $600 to $800 Georgia, Grandma 2 $500 to $600 Grandma 1 Less than $500 None 0 24 生产者剩余与供给曲线 Producer Surplus and the Supply Curve... 数量Quantity of Houses Painted 价格 Price of House Painting 500 800 $900 0 600 123 4 Grandma’s cost Georgia’s cost Frida’s cost Mary’s cost 供给Supply