用需求曲线衡量消费者剩余 用雳求的线衡量消费者剩余 Measuring Consumer Surplus with Measuring Consumer Surplus with the demand curve the demand curve ◆在任何一种数量下,需求曲线给出的价格(需 车100 John的文付盒 m°w盟Ppay 实精是!湾需点曾克简弃的买若 Pa器毁利Y the price given by th curve shows the willingness to pay ofthe marginal buver, the buyer whowho would leave the market first if the price were any higher. 由于需求曲线反应了买者的支付意愿,我们可 需求 以用它衡量消费者剩余。 Because the demand curve reflects buyers' willingness to pay, we can also use it to measure consumer surplus 用雳求曲线衡量消费者剩余 用雳求的线衡量消费者剩余 Measuring Consumer Surplus with Measuring Consumer Surplus with the demand curve the demand cun 价格Prie=s0 价格Prce John的消我者剩余 John的者余 Johns consumer surplus($20) Paul's consumer surplus($10) 需求 Demand 012 Quantity of Quantity of Albums Is Albums 16 价格如何影响消费者剩余 用需求曲线衡量消费者剩余 How the price affects consumer Measuring Consumer Surplus with Surplus the demand curve 需求曲线以下和价格以上的面积衡 量市场的消费者剩余。 The area below the demand curve plus to new and above the price measures the consumer surplus in the market. 高求 Demand3 13 用需求曲线衡量消费者剩余 Measuring Consumer Surplus with the Demand Curve... 价格 Price of Album 50 70 80 0 $100 1234 数量 Quantity of Albums John的支付意愿 John’s willingness to pay Paul的支付意愿 Paul’s willingness to pay George的支付意愿 George’s willingness to pay Ringo的支付意愿 Ringo’s willingness to pay 需求 Demand 14 用需求曲线衡量消费者剩余 Measuring Consumer Surplus with the Demand Curve... 在任何一种数量下，需求曲线给出的价格（需 求曲线的高度）表示边际买者的支付意愿；边际 买者是如果价格再高一点，就首先离开的买者。 At any quantity, the price given by the demand curve shows the willingness to pay of the marginal buyer, the buyer who who would leave the market first if the price were any higher. 由于需求曲线反应了买者的支付意愿，我们可 以用它衡量消费者剩余。Because the demand curve reflects buyers’ willingness to pay, we can also use it to measure consumer surplus. 15 用需求曲线衡量消费者剩余 Measuring Consumer Surplus with the Demand Curve... Price of Album 50 70 80 0 $100 1234 Quantity of Albums 需求 Demand John的消费者剩余 John’s consumer surplus ($20) 价格Price = $80 16 用需求曲线衡量消费者剩余 Measuring Consumer Surplus with the Demand Curve... Price of Album 50 70 80 0 $100 1234 Quantity of Albums Demand John的消费者剩余 John’s consumer surplus ($30) 总消费者剩余 Total consumer surplus ($40) 价格Price = $70 Paul的消费者剩余 Paul’s consumer surplus ($10) 17 用需求曲线衡量消费者剩余 Measuring Consumer Surplus with the Demand Curve 需求曲线以下和价格以上的面积衡 量市场的消费者剩余。 The area below the demand curve and above the price measures the consumer surplus in the market. Q2 P2 价格如何影响消费者剩余 How the Price Affects Consumer Surplus... 数量 Quantity 价格 Price 0 需求Demand 原来的消 费者剩余 Initial consumer surplus 原来消费者 的额外消费 者剩余 Additional consumer surplus to initial consumers 新消费者的消费者 剩余Consumer surplus to new consumers Q1 P1 D E F B C A