4 THESE FROM THE LAND OF SINIM utterances of books,magazines,and newspapers. The teaching thus reoeived began gradually to orystallize in the belief that a huge standing army on European lines would be wasteful and dangerous,and that a volunteer association- as suggested by the way all China ranged itself on the Government side in the Franco-Chinese affair-covering the whole Empire,offering an outlet for restless spirits and fostering a united and patriotic feeling,would be more reliable and effective.The idea seemed to receive immediate confirmation from without in the stand a handful of burghers were making in the Transvaal:hence the Boxer Association, patriotio in origin,justifiable in its fundamental idea,and in point of fact the outoome of either foreign advice or the study of foreign methods. In the meanwhile the seeds of other growths were being sown in the soil of the Chinese mind,private and offioial,and were producing fruit each after its kind:various commercial stipulations sanotioned by treaties had not taken into full account Chinese conditions,diffioulties, methods,and requirements,and their enforce- ment did not make foreign commerce more agreeable to the eye of either provincial or metropolitan officials.Missionary propagandism was at work all over the country,and its fruits, Chinese Christians,did not win the esteem or goodwill of their fellows,for,first of all,they4 uTHESE FROM THE LA.ND OF SINIM" utterances of books, magazines, and newspapers. The teaching thus received began gradually to crystallize in the belief that a huge standing army on European lines would be wastefal and dangerous, and that a volunteer association￾as suggested by the way all China ranged itself on the Government side in the Franoo-Chinese affair-covering the whole Empire, offering an outlet for restless. spirits and fostering a united and patriotio feeling, would be more reliable and effective. The idea seemed to receive immediate confirmation from without in the stand a handful of burghers were making in the Transvaal: hence the Boxer Association, patriotio in origin, justi1iable in its fundamental idea, and in point of fact the outcome of either foreign advice or the study of foreign methods. In the meanwhile the seeds of other growths were being sown in the soil of the Ohinese mind, private and official, and were producing fruit each after its kind: various commercial stipulations sanctioned by treaties had not taken , \ \. into full account Chinese conditions, difficulties, methods, and requirements, and their enforce￾ment did not make foreign commerce more agreeable to the eye of either provincial or metropolitan officials. . Missionary propagandism \ was at work all over the country, and its fruits, Chinese Christians, did not win the esteem or goodwill of their fe~ows, for, first of all, they