THE PEKING LEGATIONS 3 expect it to beoome a danger before autumn: its earlier development was a genuine surprise. Critioism,to be of value,must be just,and must recognize whatever of fact or sentiment has been interwoven with what has ocourred -causing its birth,shaping its aims,interlacing its products,and justifying both inception and growth.For ages China had discountenanced the military spirit and was laughed at by us accordingly,and thus,ever sinoe interoourse under treaties has gone on,we have been lecturing the Government from our superior standpoint,telling it that it must grow strong -must create army and navy-must adopt foreign drill and foreign weapons-must prepare to hold its own against all comers-must remember Codlin”is its friend,nots“Short:” our words did not fall on olosed ears-effeot was given to selected bits of advioe-and various firms did a very remarkable and very remunerative trade in arms.But while the Chinese Government made a note of all the advice its generous friends placed at its dis- posal,and adopted some suggestions because they either suited it or it seemed polite and harmless to do so,it did not forget its own thirty centuries of historio teaching,and it looked at affairs abroad through its own eyes and the eyes of its representatives at foreign Courts,studying their reports and the printedTHE PEKING LEGATIONS 3 expeot it to beoome a danger before aut~: its earlier development was a genuine surprise. Critioism, to be of vaJue, must be just, a.nd ....... must recognize whatever of fact or sentiment has been interwoven with what has oocurred -causing its birth, shaping its aims, interlacing its products, and justifying both inceP:tion and growth. For ages China had discountenanced the military spirit and was laughed at by us accordingly, and thus, ever since intercourse under treaties has gone on, we have been lecturing the Government from our superior standpoint, telling it that it must grow strong -must oreate army and navy-must adopt foreign drill and foreign weapons-must prepare to hold its own against a.ll comers-must remember U Codlin " is its friend, not " Short: " our words did not fall on closed ears-eft'ect wa.s given to selected bits of advice-and various firms did a. very remarkable and very remunerative trade in arms. But while the Chinese Government made a note of a.ll the advice its generous friends placed at its dis￾posal, and adopted some suggestions because they either suited it or it seemed polite and harmless to do so, it did not forget its own thirty centuries of historic teaching, and it looked at affairs abroad through its own eyes and the eyes of its representatives at foreign Courts, studying their reports a.nd the printed .