58 Vroomen J, de Gelder B Sound enhances visual perception: Cross-modal effects of auditory organization on vision. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 2000, 26: 1583-1590 59 Ngo M K, Spence C Crossmodal facilitation of masked visual target identification. Atten Percept Psychophys, 2010, 72: 1938-1947 60 Thelen A, Murray MM. The efficacy of single-trial multisensory memories. Multisens Res, 2013, 26: 483-502 61 Dehaene S, Naccache L. Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: Basic evidence and a workspace framework. Cognition 2001,79:1-37 62 van Atteveldt N, Murray MM, Thut G, et al. Multisensory integration: Flexible use of general operations. Neuron, 2014, 81: 1240-1253 63 Faivre N, Mudrik L, Schwartz N, et al. Multisensory integration in complete unawareness: Evidence from audiovisual congruency prim- ing. Psychol Sci, 2014, 25: 2006-2016 Zhou w, Chen D. Binaral rivalry between the nostrils and in the cortex. Curr Biol. 2009, 19: 1561-1565 Stein B E, Stanford T R. Multisensory integration: Current issues from the perspective of the single neuron. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008. 9 255-266 66 Meredith M A, Stein B E. Visual, auditory, and somatosensory convergence on cells in superior colliculus results in multisensory integra- tion. J Neurophysiol, 1986, 56: 640-662 67 Schroeder C E, Foxe J Multisensory contributions to low-level, ""unisensory"processing. Curr Opin Neurobiol, 2005. 15: 45 54-458 Recent progress in the study of consciousness and multisensory ntegration LIU Ruil. WaNG Li JIANg Yil State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Consciousness has long been proposed to be necessary for multisensory integration. In recent years, however, some researchers have found that multisensory integration can occur even when the information from the visual modality are rendered unconscious (e.g under visual masking, binocular rivalry or continuous flash suppression). Furthermore, a more recent study demonstrates that two subliminal stimuli of different modalities (i.e, vision and audition) can nevertheless be integrated in complete unawareness, providing more compelling evidence for unconscious multisensory integration. Although these studies challenge previous claims that multisensory integration requires consciousness, the notion that consciousness has no functional role in multisensory integration may not be supported. Here we review recent work on unconscious multisensory integration (including its processing level, tempor window and underlying mechanism) and point to future research directions, offering a new understanding of the relationship between consciousness and multisensory integration. multisensory integration, consciousness, unconsciousness, cross-modal information processing, vision doi:10.1360N972015-00606 王莉 博士中囯科学院心理研究所副研究员,硕士生导师,入选2014年中国科 学院青年创新促进会.从事生物运动信息知觉、无意识信息知觉以及跨通道 信息整合与交互作用等方面的研究,相关研究成果发表在 Proc Natl acad sci USA, Neurosci, Neuroimage, Psychol sci等学术期刊 DownloadedtoIp:159.226.113221On:2018-02-2114:15:29http:/engine.st o/10.1360N972015-0066611 58 Vroomen J, de Gelder B. Sound enhances visual perception: Cross-modal effects of auditory organization on vision. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 2000, 26: 1583–1590 59 Ngo M K, Spence C. Crossmodal facilitation of masked visual target identification. Atten Percept Psychophys, 2010, 72: 1938–1947 60 Thelen A, Murray M M. The efficacy of single-trial multisensory memories. Multisens Res, 2013, 26: 483–502 61 Dehaene S, Naccache L. Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: Basic evidence and a workspace framework. Cognition, 2001, 79: 1–37 62 van Atteveldt N, Murray M M, Thut G, et al. Multisensory integration: Flexible use of general operations. Neuron, 2014, 81: 1240–1253 63 Faivre N, Mudrik L, Schwartz N, et al. Multisensory integration in complete unawareness: Evidence from audiovisual congruency prim￾ing. Psychol Sci, 2014, 25: 2006–2016 64 Zhou W, Chen D. Binaral rivalry between the nostrils and in the cortex. Curr Biol, 2009, 19: 1561–1565 65 Stein B E, Stanford T R. Multisensory integration: Current issues from the perspective of the single neuron. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2008, 9: 255–266 66 Meredith M A, Stein B E. Visual, auditory, and somatosensory convergence on cells in superior colliculus results in multisensory integra￾tion. J Neurophysiol, 1986, 56: 640–662 67 Schroeder C E, Foxe J. Multisensory contributions to low-level, “unisensory” processing. Curr Opin Neurobiol, 2005, 15: 454–458 Recent progress in the study of consciousness and multisensory integration LIU Rui1,2, WANG Li1 & JIANG Yi1 1 State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Consciousness has long been proposed to be necessary for multisensory integration. In recent years, however, some researchers have found that multisensory integration can occur even when the information from the visual modality are rendered unconscious (e.g., under visual masking, binocular rivalry or continuous flash suppression). Furthermore, a more recent study demonstrates that two subliminal stimuli of different modalities (i.e., vision and audition) can nevertheless be integrated in complete unawareness, providing more compelling evidence for unconscious multisensory integration. Although these studies challenge previous claims that multisensory integration requires consciousness, the notion that consciousness has no functional role in multisensory integration may not be supported. Here we review recent work on unconscious multisensory integration (including its processing level, temporal window and underlying mechanism) and point to future research directions, offering a new understanding of the relationship between consciousness and multisensory integration. multisensory integration, consciousness, unconsciousness, cross-modal information processing, vision doi: 10.1360/N972015-00666 王莉 博士 中国科学院心理研究所副研究员, 硕士生导师, 入选 2014 年中国科 学院青年创新促进会. 从事生物运动信息知觉、无意识信息知觉以及跨通道 信息整合与交互作用等方面的研究, 相关研究成果发表在 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, Neurosci, NeuroImage, Psychol Sci 等学术期刊. Downloaded to IP: 159.226.113.221 On: 2018-02-21 14:15:29 http://engine.scichina.com/doi/10.1360/N972015-00666